Lab 4

Question 1

Types of joint classification

Answer 1

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 2

Structural characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 2

Adjoining bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue, no joint cavity

Question 3

Structural characteristics of cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

Adjoining bones united by cartilage, no joint cavity

Question 4

Structural characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 4

Adjoining bones covered in articular cartilage; separated by a joint cavity and enclosed in an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane (fluid)

Question 5

Structural types of fibrous joints

Answer 5

suture (short fibers, ex. suture in brain), syndesmosis (longer fibers, ex. tib/fib), Gomphosis (periodontal ligament, ex. tooth in bony socket)

Question 6

Structural types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 6

Synchondrosis (hyaline, ex. costal cartilage to rib), symphyses fibrocartilage, ex. intervertebral discs), symphysis (pubic symph, fibrocart)

Question 7

Structural types of synovial joints

Answer 7

Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-and-socket

Question 8

Functional classification of suture

Answer 8

Synarthrosis (NO MOVE)

Question 9

Functional classification of synchondrosis

Answer 9

Synarthrosis (NO MOVE)

Question 10

Functional classification of all synovial joints

Answer 10

Diarthrosis (freely move)

Question 11

Flexion

Answer 11

reducing joint angle
Head going forward, body lean forward, heal come back, arm forward

Question 12

Extension

Answer 12

increasing joint angle/returning to neutral from flexion
Head moving back to neut
standing up straight
arm moving back
leg straightening

Question 13

Hyperextension

Answer 13

one step past extension, extending further in the direction of extension past neutral

Question 14

Abduction

Answer 14

moving away form the midline
arm going away

Question 15

Adduction

Answer 15

“Adding arm to body”; moving closer to trunk

Question 16

Circumduction

Answer 16

arm circles

Question 17

Rotation, lateral and medial

Answer 17

spin
lateral: turning to the outside
Medial: turning back to center

Question 18

Plane joint

Answer 18

Flat or slightly curved bones, nonaxial gliding motion
Ex: Intertarsal, intercarpal joints

Question 19

Hinge joint

Answer 19

Rounded or cylindrical bone fits into concave surface on the other bone; uniaxial, flexion and extension
Ex: elbow, interphalangeal joints

Question 20

Pivot joint

Answer 20

Rounded bone fits into a sleeve (concave bone + ligament); uniaxial, rotation
Ex: Proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial

Question 21

Condylar joint

Answer 21

Oval condyle fits into an oval depression on the other bone; biaxial, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Ex: metacarpophalangeal (knuckle), radiocarpal

Question 22

Saddle joint

Answer 22

Articulating surfaces are addle shaped, one concave one convex; biaxial, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
Ex: Carpometacarpal of thumb

Question 23

Ball-and-socket

Answer 23

Ball-shaped head of one bone fits into the cuplike depression of the other bone; multiaxial: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation
Ex: shoulder, hip

Question 24

Acromial calavicular joint

Answer 24

Acromion of scapula and clavicle, synovial plane
Diarthrotic (plane): gliding and rotation of scapula on calvicle

Question 25

Shoulder (glenohumeral) Joint

Answer 25

Scapula and humerus Synovial ball-socket Diarthrotic (ball-socket): multiaxial flexion, extension, adduction, circumduction, rotation of humerus

Question 26

Elbow joint

Answer 26

Ulna (and radius) with humerus Synovial hinge Diarthrotic: uniaxial flexion, extension of forearm

Question 27

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 27

Radius and ulna Synovial pivot Diarthrotic: uniaxial pivot head of radius rotates in radial notch of ulna

Question 28

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 28

Radius and ulna Synovial pivot (with articular disc) Diarthrotic: uniaxial rotation of radius allows pronation and supination

Question 29

Wrist

Answer 29

Radius and proximal carpals Synovial condylar Diarthrotic: biaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction of hand

Question 30

Intercarpal

Answer 30

adjacent carpals Synovial plane Diarthrotic: gliding

Question 31

Carpometacarpal of digit I (thumb)

Answer 31

Carpal (trapezium) and metacarpal I Synovial saddle Diarthrotic: biaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, opposition of metacarpal I

Question 32

Functional classification of syndesmosis

Answer 32

Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)

Question 33

Functional classification of gomphosis

Answer 33

synarthrosis (No move)

Question 34

functional classification of symphysis

Answer 34

amphiarthrosis (slight movement)

Question 35

functional classification of symphyses

Answer 35

amphiarthrosis (basically no movement)

Question 36

Components of a synovial joint

Answer 36

Joint cavity (synovial fluid), articular (hyaline) cartilage, fibrous layer and synovial membrane (articular capsule)