Lab 4

Question 1

What are the 4 phylum of Seedless Vascular Plants?

Answer 1

Lycophyta
Horsetails
Whisk ferns
True ferns

Question 2

Why are Green algae moved into the kingdom vridiplantae?

Answer 2

Starch for energy storage
cellulose in cell walls
Same chlorophylls and carotenoids
phylogenetic information form DNA/rRna data

Question 3

General land plant characteristics

They are multicellular which means…?

Answer 3

larger organism and more cellular differentiation

Question 4

General Land Plant Characteristics

What does the Waxy cuticle do?

Answer 4

it reduces water loss

Question 5

General Land Plant Characteristics

What does the stomata and what does it do?

Answer 5

pores that open and close to minimize water loss and regulate gas exchange

Question 6

What does the sterile Jacket layer do for land plants?

Answer 6

protects reproductive parts

Question 7

What do spores do for land plants?

Answer 7

aid in protection and dormancy

Question 8

what is haplodiplontic lifecycle

Answer 8

Alternation of generations

Question 9

Bryophytes have a _____________ dominant life cycle.

Answer 9

gametophyte

Question 10

Seedless vascular plants have a ___________ dominant generation.

Answer 10

sporophpyte

Question 11

Plants that are lower to the ground have a ______________ dominant.

Plants that are higher off the ground have a ____________ dominant.

Answer 11

Gametophyte

Sporophyte

Question 12

What are some bryophyte general characteristics?

Answer 12

ancestral group of land plants
mosses liverwarts, hornwarts
moist environments (swimming sperm)

Question 13

What are some adaptations Hepaticophyta, Bryophyta, and Antherocerophyt, (terrestrial life_ have made?

Answer 13

1. multicellular
2. sterile jacket layer
3. embryo protected from desiccation
4. Spores resist desiccation and can go dormant.

Question 14

Why can Bryophytes not grow tall?

Answer 14

Non-vascular= no xylem/phloem

Question 15

Do bryophytes have true roots, leaves, or stems?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

Instead of vascular tissue what do bryophytes have instead?

Answer 16

rhizoids and Thallus

Question 17

What does the gametophyte dominant generation in bryophytes produce? and what are they?

Answer 17

Gametes which are multicellular, and include:

Antheridia=biflagellate sperm
Archegonia=eggs
Sporophyte=produces spores

Question 18

Hepaticaphyta is another word for ….?

what are two general characteristics?

Answer 18

Liverworts
Thallose= common in temperate environments
Leafy= more leafy species exist worldwide

Question 19

Explain Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction for Hepaticophyta.

Answer 19

Asexual reproduction=gemmae cups or fragmentation

Sexual reproduction- gametophyte dominant

• most species dioecious=both mail and female on different plants
• swimming sperm

Question 20

For hepaticophyt sexual reproduction the sperm are much more easier to produce, why?

Answer 20

Because the are much easier to produce than eggs.

Question 21

Phylum Bryophyta (mosses) are a pioneer species which means…?
Is it possible for some species to adapted to harsh conditions?
What is the Sphagnum gametophytes=

Answer 21

follow lichens=stabilize soil and reduce erosion
Yes they can adapt to freezing and desiccation
very absorbent

Question 22

Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts) adaptations…?

Answer 22

• some have stomata, on sporophyte only or both sporophyte and gametophyte
• some species have cutin in epidermal cells

Question 23

Some characteristics of Anthocerophyta (hornworts)…?

Answer 23

• sporophyte is elongated (horn-like): produces spores over extended time-frame
• some have mutualistic relationship with Nostoc (cyanobacteria)

Question 24

Seedless Vascular Plants have seeds and no xylem or phloem. True or False

Answer 24

False

they have no seeds, and have xylem and phloem as well as lignin.

Question 25

Like Bryophytes seedless vascular plants have swimming sperm. True or False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What do Xylem, phloem, and lignin aid in?

With these tissues what does it mean?

Answer 26

xylem=transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of plant
Phloem=transports sugars made via photosynthesis to other parts of plant
lignin=support

Means that they can grow taller and are less dependent on water.

Question 27

Phylum Lycophyta (club moss) has two different types of spores, which is called?

Asexual reproduction is called…?

Spores produce …(cones)

Answer 27

heterosporous

• male gametophyte-microspores
• female gametophyte=megaspores

Fragmentation

strobili

Question 28

Phylum Pterophyta (horsetails and ferns) has only on wxtant genus, called …?

The stems are …?

Epidermal cells contain…?

Answer 28

Equisetum

Photosynthetic

silica (rough because of this)

Question 29

For Pterophyta (horsetails and ferns) where are the sporangia on the sporangiophores located…?

The spores have _____, that move in response to humidity.

Answer 29

in the strobilus (cone-like)

elators

Question 30

Phylum Pterophyts -(whisk ferns) are not…?

What part is photosynthetic?

Answer 30

true ferns, but same size

in the stems only

Question 31

What are the three phylum of Bryophytes?

Answer 31

Hepaticophyta
Anthocerophyta
Bryophyta