Lab 4 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the 4 phylum of Seedless Vascular Plants?
Lycophyta
Horsetails
Whisk ferns
True ferns
Why are Green algae moved into the kingdom vridiplantae?
Starch for energy storage
cellulose in cell walls
Same chlorophylls and carotenoids
phylogenetic information form DNA/rRna data
General land plant characteristics
They are multicellular which means…?
larger organism and more cellular differentiation
General Land Plant Characteristics
What does the Waxy cuticle do?
it reduces water loss
General Land Plant Characteristics
What does the stomata and what does it do?
pores that open and close to minimize water loss and regulate gas exchange
What does the sterile Jacket layer do for land plants?
protects reproductive parts
What do spores do for land plants?
aid in protection and dormancy
what is haplodiplontic lifecycle
Alternation of generations
Bryophytes have a _____________ dominant life cycle.
gametophyte
Seedless vascular plants have a ___________ dominant generation.
sporophpyte
Plants that are lower to the ground have a ______________ dominant.
Plants that are higher off the ground have a ____________ dominant.
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
What are some bryophyte general characteristics?
ancestral group of land plants
mosses liverwarts, hornwarts
moist environments (swimming sperm)
What are some adaptations Hepaticophyta, Bryophyta, and Antherocerophyt, (terrestrial life_ have made?
- multicellular
- sterile jacket layer
- embryo protected from desiccation
- Spores resist desiccation and can go dormant.
Why can Bryophytes not grow tall?
Non-vascular= no xylem/phloem
Do bryophytes have true roots, leaves, or stems?
no
Instead of vascular tissue what do bryophytes have instead?
rhizoids and Thallus
What does the gametophyte dominant generation in bryophytes produce? and what are they?
Gametes which are multicellular, and include:
Antheridia=biflagellate sperm
Archegonia=eggs
Sporophyte=produces spores
Hepaticaphyta is another word for ….?
what are two general characteristics?
Liverworts
Thallose= common in temperate environments
Leafy= more leafy species exist worldwide
Explain Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction for Hepaticophyta.
Asexual reproduction=gemmae cups or fragmentation
Sexual reproduction- gametophyte dominant
- most species dioecious=both mail and female on different plants
- swimming sperm
For hepaticophyt sexual reproduction the sperm are much more easier to produce, why?
Because the are much easier to produce than eggs.
Phylum Bryophyta (mosses) are a pioneer species which means…?
Is it possible for some species to adapted to harsh conditions?
What is the Sphagnum gametophytes=
follow lichens=stabilize soil and reduce erosion
Yes they can adapt to freezing and desiccation
very absorbent
Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts) adaptations…?
- some have stomata, on sporophyte only or both sporophyte and gametophyte
- some species have cutin in epidermal cells
Some characteristics of Anthocerophyta (hornworts)…?
- sporophyte is elongated (horn-like): produces spores over extended time-frame
- some have mutualistic relationship with Nostoc (cyanobacteria)
Seedless Vascular Plants have seeds and no xylem or phloem. True or False
False
they have no seeds, and have xylem and phloem as well as lignin.
