Lab 4

Question 1

Corynebacterium habitat

Answer 1

Mucous membranes, skin, soil, milk (animal pathogens - saprophytes). There are some plant pathogenic

Question 2

Corynebacterium Morphology

Answer 2

Polymorphism, very different shapes appear in one smear – Rods (typically curved), coccus. Chinese letters.
Metachromatic granules, stain strongly and contain stored materials.

Question 3

Corynebacterium culture

Answer 3

Blood agar, haemolysis. Weak growth on nutrient agar

Question 4

Corynebacterium, resistance

Answer 4

Average, short time in the environment.

Question 5

Corynebacterium Pathogenicity

Answer 5

Local suppuration, arthritis, metritis, mastitis, abscesses.

Question 6

Imp spp coryne

Answer 6

C. diphtheriae: Hu pathogene, diftery (inflammation of throat)

Question 7

Nocardia habitat

Answer 7

Soil

Question 8

Nocardia Morphology

Answer 8

Long, branched filaments, wrinckled colonies.

Question 9

Culture Nocardia

Answer 9

Obligate aerobic, Carotenoid pigment, Filaments

- Nutrient agar (not fastidious), 3-5 days to form a colony.

Question 10

Nocardia Pathogenicity

Answer 10

• Facultative pathogens, local lesions, - N. asteroides:

- Cattle chronic suppuration - Mastitis in cattle

Question 11

Actinomyces habitat

Answer 11

Alimentary tract, mucous membranes

Question 12

Morphology Actinomyces

Answer 12

Branching filaments, broken, sulphur granules in the pus but not on medium

Question 13

Actinomyces Culture

Answer 13

Anaerobic or facultative anaerobic, blood agar.

Question 14

Actinomyces Species and diseases

Answer 14

A. bovis: cattle actinomycosis - lumpy jaw, pig udder - actinomycosis

A. viscosus: caryes in human, dog – actinomycosis

A. israeli: obligate anaerobic human actinomycosis

A. hordeovulneris: dog actinomycosis

Question 15

Dermatophilus

congolensis Habitat

Answer 15

Soil, skin

Question 16

morph Dermatophilus

congolensis

Answer 16

Coccoid with branching filaments which can break into coccoids.

Question 17

Dermatophilus

congolensis Culture

Answer 17

Obligate aerobic and capnophilic (need CO2), fastidious, blood agar. Form wrinckled yellow colonies. Hemolysis.
Life cycle: Flagellated coccus (zoospora) - filaments - branching - growth - cracking - zoospora

Question 18

Dermatophilus

congolensis biochem

Answer 18

Proteolytic

Question 19

Dermatophilus

congolensis pathogenicity

Answer 19

Exsudative dermatitis in mainly: Sheep, cattle

Question 20

Renibacterium salmoninarum habitat

Answer 20

Water, fish

Question 21

Renibacterium salmoninarum morph

Answer 21

1-1,5 μm rods, short chains

Question 22

Renibacterium salmoninarum culture

Answer 22

Aerobic, 15-18 oC (since it affects fish) Fastidious (cistein, serum)

Question 23

Renibacterium salmoninarum pathogenicity

Answer 23

Obligate pathogenic, intra cellular

Salmon, trout: abscesses in kidneys and other organs

Question 24

Rhodococcus

R. (C.) equi habitat

Answer 24

Soil, plant, gut of horse

Question 25

Rhodococcus | R. (C.) equi morph

Answer 25

Coccus-rod cycle. At the beginning of replication: rods and later Capsule of polysaccharide.

Question 26

Rhodococcus | R. (C.) equi culture

Answer 26

Simple Pigment (pink) Capsule

Question 27

Rhodococcus | R. (C.) equi pathogenicity

Answer 27

``` Foal pneumonia Human pneumonia (immunosuppression, AIDS) ```

Question 28

Mycobacterium habitat

Answer 28

Infected host, shed with faeces, milk etc. to the environment.

Question 29

Mycobacterium morph

Answer 29

- Rods, coccoids - Cell wall has lipids and waxes with mycolic acids. - No flagella, spores or capsule - Species differences

Question 30

Mycobacterium stain

Answer 30

- Ziehl-Neelsen positive (Acid fast) - Theoretically: Gram positive but colorless since the dye can’t go through the cell wall. - Fluorescence dyes (auramin staining

Question 31

Mycobacterium Culture

Answer 31

Obligate aerobic - Broth: Henley, Sauton (cord formation is characteristic for virulent bacteria). Usage of tube instead of solid medium due to the long propagation time. Media goes dry after a couple of days. - Solid: - Egg (Kertai, Dorset, Petragnani and the most common Löwenstein-Jensen.) Egg enriched media for the pathogenic spp. - Serum agar, glycerine potato. - Selective: Petragnani, acid treatment (5% oxalic acid 10 min, neutralize with a base and then centrifuge and use the sediment for inoculation), animal trial. - Incubation time, growth characteristics (species differences)

Question 32

Mycobacterium antigens

Answer 32

Glycolipids, lipoproteins - Shared antigens, immuno electrophoresis used to examine. - Tuberculin (protein characteristic for M.) – PPD (purified protein derivate)

Question 33

Mycobacterium resistance

Answer 33

Good against chemical disinfectants and environmental influences but not heat. Has the best resistance among the Gram + non-sporeforming bacteria.

Question 34

Mycobacterium Pathogenicity

Answer 34

- Obligate pathogens - Facultative pathogens - Saprophytes (atypical) Most common diseases are tuberculosis, paratuberculosis and Fe leprosy. M. tuberculosis: human, swine, dog, cat, parrot, cattle M. africanum: human M. bovis: cattle, ruminants, swine, dog, cat, human, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, 1 M. bovis strain as vaccine for Hu, not animals. Inoculation for 13 years on potato media and strain lost its virulence.) M. leprae: human M. lepraemurium: mouse, cat (not culturable)

Question 35

Mycobacterium groups

Answer 35

Groups – based on pigment production and growth

Question 36

Mycobacterium: Photochromogens

Answer 36

pigment prod. in light: M. kansasii, M. marinum

Question 37

Mycobacterium Scotochromogens

Answer 37

pigment prod. in light and dark: M. scrofulaceum, M. gordonae

Question 38

Mycobacterium Non-chromogens

Answer 38

no pigment prod.: M. intracellulare, M. terrae

Question 39

Rapid growers mycobacterium

Answer 39

form colonies after several days: M. phlei, M. fortuitum