LAB 4: APPENDICULAR SKELETON

Question 1

what does each pectoral girdle consist of and what are they?

Answer 1

scapula and clavicle
scapula: shoulder blade
clavicle: collar bone

Question 2

what does the scapula articulate with?

Answer 2

clavicle: acromioclavicular joint
humerus: glenohumeral joint

Question 3

what does the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 3

the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and forms sternoclavicular joint

Question 4

what does the humerus head articulate with?

Answer 4

the glenoid cavity of the scapula: glenohumeral joint

Question 5

what is the proximal end of the ulna called?

Answer 5

olecranon: the elbow

Question 6

how many carpal bones are there and which one is the one that has the most fractures?

Answer 6

8 carpal bones, scaphoid is most common wrist bone that gets fractured

Question 7

the pelvic girdle is formed by?

Answer 7

2 coxal bones

Question 8

what is the pelvis formed of?

Answer 8

coxal bones, sacrum, and the coccyx

Question 9

what are the parts of the coxal bone?

Answer 9

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 10

ilium contains?

Answer 10

acetabulum, iliac crest, and the greater sciatic notch

Question 11

acetabulum is for?

Answer 11

acetabulum is the socket for the head of the femur

Question 12

the greater sciatic notch is for?

Answer 12

sciatic nerve passes

Question 13

whats the joint that joins the ilium to sacrum?

Answer 13

sacroiliac joint

Question 14

pubis contains the?

Answer 14

obturator foramen and the pubic symphysis

Question 15

obturator foramen?

Answer 15

largest foramen in body, provides passage for blood vessels and nerves

Question 16

pubic symphysis?

Answer 16

joins the coxal bones anteriorly

Question 17

what are the markings of a tibia?

Answer 17

medial bone, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

Question 18

how many tarsal bones and which ones are the important ones to know?

Answer 18

7 tarsal bones
talus, calcaneous
talus: ankle bone
calcaneous: heel bone

Question 19

what are 3 visible differences between male and female pelvis?

Answer 19

obturator foramen for female is more oval but male is more round, the pelvic inlet for female is oval and wide but male is narrow and heart shaped, and the pubic arch for female is more than 90 degree angle but for male its less than 90 degree angle

Question 20

fibrous joints information and subtypes?

Answer 20

dense irregular connective tissue, no articular cavity

sutures, syndesmoses

Question 21

sutures?

Answer 21

only found between bones of the skull.
thin layer of connective tissue and are immoveable.

Question 22

syndesmoses subtypes?

Answer 22

interosseous ligament, interosseous membrane, and gomphosis

Question 23

interosseous ligament?

Answer 23

the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are joined by interosseous ligament: slight movement.

Question 24

interosseous membrane?

Answer 24

sheet of dense irregular connective tissue joining two long bones. slight movement

Question 25

gomphosis?

Answer 25

cone shaped joint between the teeth and mandible and maxilla

Question 26

cartilaginous joints?

Answer 26

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage, no articular cavity, cartilage tissue - synchondrosis -symphysis

Question 27

synchondrosis?

Answer 27

hyaline or fibrocartilage: between the costal cartilage of first rib and manubrium

Question 28

symphysis?

Answer 28

hyaline and fibrocartilage: between pubic bones, intervertebral discs

Question 29

synovial joints?

Answer 29

theres a fluid filled space between bones called the synovial cavity. two layers of connective tissue surround cavity: outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane. freely moveable

Question 30

functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 30

absorb shock, reduce friction between bones, nourishes chondrocytes of articular cartilage

Question 31

plane joint?

Answer 31

permit gliding, biaxial, intercarpal

Question 32

hinge joint?

Answer 32

convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another bone, uniaxial, elbow joint

Question 33

pivot joint?

Answer 33

round surface of bone fits into ring, biaxial, atlanto-axial joint

Question 34

ellipsoid joint?

Answer 34

aka condylar, oval shaped fits into oval shaped depresion, radiocarpal

Question 35

saddle joint?

Answer 35

saddle and rider, biaxial, thumb

Question 36

ball and socket joint?

Answer 36

ball like surface fits into a cuplike depression, triaxial, glenohumeral joint, hip joint

Question 37

occipitofrontalis?

Answer 37

divided into 2 bellies; frontal and occipital belly. connected by epicranial aponeurosis frontal belly: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead occipital belly: raises hair

Question 38

orbicularis oculi?

Answer 38

closes the eyelid

Question 39

orbicularis oris?

Answer 39

closes lips, purses the lips

Question 40

platysma?

Answer 40

depresses the mandible

Question 41

masseter and temporalis?

Answer 41

elevate the mandible and close the jaw

Question 42

sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 42

rotates the head and extends the head at the atlanto-occipital joint, origin: manubrium insert: temporal bone

Question 43

layers of muscles of abdomen

Answer 43

external oblique: most superficial internal oblique: intermediate transversus abdominis: deepest layer

Question 44

rectus abdominis?

Answer 44

runs parallel to the midline, separated by tendinous intersections responsible for the definition of the 6-8-10 pack.

Question 45

what is the linea alba?

Answer 45

the linea alba is the line going down the middle, midline, seperating the two halves of the rectus abdominis

Question 46

diaphragm?

Answer 46

permits breathing

Question 47

serratus anterior

Answer 47

boxers muscle: punching and pushing, abducts scapula

Question 48

trapezius

Answer 48

RADS: rotation, adduction, depression, and stabilization of the scapula

Question 49

pectoralis major?

Answer 49

moves the humerus, adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of arm

Question 50

deltoid?

Answer 50

moves the humerus, abduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the arm

Question 51

latissimus dorsi?

Answer 51

swimmers muscle; extension, adduction, and medial rotation

Question 52

biceps brachii?

Answer 52

flexion of the arm at the elbow joint and supination of the hand

Question 53

triceps brachii?

Answer 53

extension of the arm at the elbow joint

Question 54

brachioradialis?

Answer 54

flexion of arm at elbow joint; supination and pronation of the hand

Question 55

hamstrings contain?

Answer 55

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 56

function of hamstrings?

Answer 56

flexion at the knee joint and extension at the hip joint

Question 57

quads contain?

Answer 57

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Question 58

quads function?

Answer 58

flexion at the hip joint and extension at the knee joint

Question 59

gastrocnemius?

Answer 59

plantar flexion of foot, flexion of lower limb

Question 60

gluteus maximus?

Answer 60

largest muscle, extension of leg at hip joint and lateral rotation of femur at hip joint

Question 61

gluteus medius?

Answer 61

abducts thigh and medially rotates the thigh at hip joint

Question 62

soleus?

Answer 62

plantar flexion of foot

Question 63

tibialis anterior?

Answer 63

dorsiflexion of the foot, supination of foot

Question 64

gracilis?

Answer 64

adduction, medial rotation of thigh, and flexion of leg