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Biology 152 > LAB 4: Neural Tissue and Anatomy of CNS > Flashcards

LAB 4: Neural Tissue and Anatomy of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four neuroglia found in the CNS?

A
  • microglia
  • oligodendrocytes
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
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2
Q

Which of the neuroglia are most like the astrocytes? Why?

A

-EPENDYMAL CELLS control what enters CFS similar to how the astrocytes patrol and monitors blood-brain barrier

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3
Q

What are the two neuroglia found in the PNS?

A
  • satellite cells

- Schwann cells

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4
Q

How would you classify a Purkinje cell structurally?

A

-MULTIPOLAR

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5
Q

What are the three sets of partitions that axons are surrounded by?

A
  • EDONEURIUM
  • EPINEURIUM
  • PERINEURIUM
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6
Q

What is the tissue that makes up the three partitions?

A

-CONNECTIVE tissue

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7
Q

What is a bundle of AXONS in the CNS called?

A

-TRACT

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8
Q

What is the disease that results from DEMYELINATION that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve?

A

-MULITPLE SCLEROSIS

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?

A
  • partial loss of vision

- problems with speech, balance, and in/voluntary motor control

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10
Q

What NEUROGLIA are affected with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?

A
  • Schwann cells

- Oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What is the function of the CEREBRUM?

A
  • largest part of the brain - thought and action

- divided into 4 lobes

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12
Q

What is the function of the EPITHALAMUS?

A
  • PINEAL GLAND: secretes melatonin

- CHOROID PLEXUS: supplies material for production of CSF

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13
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the THALAMUS?-

A

-filters and relays sensory information to the CEREBRUM

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14
Q

What is the function of the HYPOTHALAMUS?

A
  • controls ANS
  • endocrine system
  • thirst
  • hunger
  • body temp.
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15
Q

What is the function of the MIDBRAIN?

A
  • regulates basal nuclei
  • maintains consciousness
  • initiates reflexes
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16
Q

What is the function of the PONS?

A
  • connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain

- modifies respiratory rate

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17
Q

What is the function of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA?

A
  • controls heart rate & force of contraction
  • blood pressure
  • respiratory rate
  • majority of motor tracts cross over here (decussation of pyramids)
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18
Q

What is the function of the CEREBELLUM?

A

-plans, coordinates movement to prevent loss of balance and overshooting

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19
Q

What is the function of the LONGITUDINAL FISSURE?

A
  • separates LEFT and RIGHT CEREBRAL hemispheres
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20
Q

What is the function of the TRANSVERSE FISSURE?

A

-separates CEREBELLUM from CEREBRUM

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21
Q

What is the function of the LATERAL SULCUS?

A

-separates PARIETAL LOBE from TEMPORAL LOBE

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22
Q

What is the function of the CENTRAL SULCUS?

A

-separates the PARIETAL LOBE from the FRONTAL LOBE

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23
Q

What is the function of the PRECENTRAL GYRUS?

A

-primary MOTOR cortex

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24
Q

What is the function of the POSTCENTRAL GYRUS?

A

-primary SENSORY cortex

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25
Q

What is the function of the FRONTAL LOBE?

A
  • cognition

- motor control

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26
Q

What is the function of the PARIETAL LOBE?

A

-general senses

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27
Q

What is the function of the OCCIPITAL LOBE?

A

-vision

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28
Q

What is the function of the TEMPORAL LOBE?

A
  • hearing

- smell

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29
Q

What is the function of the INSULA?

A

-taste

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30
Q

What is the function of the CEREBRAL CORTEX?

A
  • grey matter
  • conscious perception of sensory perception of sensory input
  • integration
  • initiation of motor activities
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31
Q

What is the function of the WHITE MATTER TRACTS?

A

-relays info through the brain

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32
Q

What is the function of the CORPUS COLLOSUM?

A

-commissural fibres relay information between the LEFT and RIGHT hemispheres

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33
Q

What is the function of the FORNIX?

A

-association fibres relay information within ONE hemisphere

34
Q

What is the function of the BASAL NUCLEI (CAUDALE NUCLEUS)?

A
  • subconscious control of muscles to coordinate movement

- eg. relax opposing muscles or stimulate muscle to stabilize joint

35
Q

What is the function of the BASAL NUCLEI (LENTIFORM NUCLEUS)?

A

-subconscious control of muscles to coordinate movement

36
Q

What is the function of the INTERTHALAMIC ADHESIONS?

A

-connects the two THALAMI NUCLEI

37
Q

What is the CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA?

A

-4 little bodies on the POSTERIOR surface of brain stem

38
Q

What is the function of the SUPERIOR COLLICULI?

A

-visual reflex

39
Q

What is the function of the INFERIOR COLLICULI?

A

-auditory reflex

40
Q

What is the LATERAL VENTRICLE?

A
  • CSF filled chambers located within both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
41
Q

What is the INTERVENTRICULAR FOREMAN?

A

-connects LATERAL ventricle to THIRD ventricle

42
Q

Where is the THIRD ventricle found?

A

-BETWEEN thalamic nuclei

43
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

-capillary network surrounded by ependymal cells, produce CSF

44
Q

What is the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT?

A

-connects THIRD & FOURTH ventricles

45
Q

What are the FOURTH VENTRICLES?

A

-releases CSF to SUBARACHNOID SPACE and the CENTRAL CANAL of the spinal cord

46
Q

List in order (10 steps) the structures through which CSF flows from the time it is formed to the venous circulation.

A

1) CHOROID PLEXUS of the LATERAL VENTRICLES
2) INTERVENTRICULAR FOREMAN
3) THIRD VENTRICLE
4) CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT
5) FOURTH VENTRICLE
6) LATERAL or MEDIAN apertures of the FOURTH VENTRICLES
7) CENTRAL CANAL of the spinal cord or the SUBARACHNOID SPACE surrounding the brain and spinal cord
8) ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS
9) DURAL SINUSES
10) VENOUS CIRCULATION

47
Q

What is within the EPIDURAL SPACE?

A

-has blood vessels, areolar, and adipose connective tissue

48
Q

What is the SUBDURAL SPACE?

A
  • narrow space

- probably not present in a living person

49
Q

What is the SUBARACHNOID SPACE?

A
  • contains CSF
  • separates the PIA MATER and ARACHNOID MATER
  • blood vessels to and form the brain cross through this space as well as beams of connective tissue called TRABECULAE
50
Q

What is the DURA MATER?

A
  • “tough motherfucker”

- tough fibrous outermost covering of the spinal cord and brain

51
Q

What is the ARACHNOID MATER?

A
  • delicate

- web-like middle membrane of the spinal cord

52
Q

What is the PIA MATER?

A
  • delicate
  • innermost membrane conforming to the contours of the brain and spinal cord
  • is not visible on the models
  • membrane contracts neural tissue of brain and spinal cord
53
Q

What of the 4 tissue are the meninges formed by?

A

-CONNECTIVE tissue

54
Q

What are DURAL FOLDS?

A
  • layers within the DURA MATER

- encloses DURAL SINUSES

55
Q

What are DURAL SINUSES?

A
  • in the DURAL FOLDS of the DURA MATER

- venous blood is collected in the sinuses before flowing into the INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS

56
Q

What two fluids are within the DURAL SINUS?

A
  • venous blood

- cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

57
Q

What is the FALX CEREBRI?

A

-separates CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, attach to CRISTA GILLI

58
Q

What is the TENTORIUM CEREBELLI?

A
  • “tent”

- in TRANSVERSE FISSURE, covers CEREBELLUM

59
Q

What is the FALX CEREBELLI?

A
  • in TRANVERSE FISSURE

- separates CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERES

60
Q

Where does the SPINAL CORD begin and end?

A
  • begins at FOREMAN MAGNUM

- ends at L1-L2

61
Q

What are the CERVICAL ENLARGEMENT?

A

-wider section of SPINAL CORD where nerves to arms rise

62
Q

What are the LUMBAR ENLARGEMENTS?

A

-wider section of the SPINAL CORD where nerves to legs rise

63
Q

What is the CONUS MEDULLARIS?

A

-CONE-SHAPED end of spinal cord

64
Q

What is the SPINAL NERVE ROOT?

A

-portion of nerves that enter/exit the spinal cord

65
Q

What is the CENTRAL CANAL?

A

-contains CSF

66
Q

What is the FILUM TERMINALE?

A

-extension of Pia mater that anchors. the spinal cord to the COCCYX

67
Q

What is the CAUDA EQUINA?

A

-extension of SACRAL and COCCYGEAL nerves

68
Q

What is the POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS?

A

-POSTERIOR groove of the spinal cord

69
Q

What is the ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE?

A

-ANTERIOR groove of the spinal cord

70
Q

What is the POSTERIOR GREY HORN?

A

-contains SOMATIC sensory and VISCERAL sensory nuclei (cell bodies)

71
Q

What is the LATERAL GREY HORN?

A

-contains VISCERAL motor nuclei

72
Q

What is the ANTERIOR GREY HORN?

A

-contains SOMATIC motor nuclei

73
Q

What is the POSTERIOR WHITE COLUMN?

A

-has ASCENDING tracts

74
Q

What is the LATERAL WHITE COLUNM?

A

-has ASCENDING and DESCENDING tracts

75
Q

Why is there a difference of colour between the grey horns and white columns?

A

WHITE: myelinated
GREY: all other parts

76
Q

Do ASCENDING tracts carry sensory or motor info?

A

-SENSORY

77
Q

Do DESCENDING tracts carry sensory or motor info?

A

-MOTOR

78
Q

What is an epidural and why is it administered through the epidural space?

A
  • given to women in labor to help with pain
  • given in epidural space because its close to the DORSAL ROOT which is responsible for sensory stimulus and by giving the epidural it blocks the pain receptors
79
Q

Where does a spinal tap get inserted?

A

-below L1-L2 because you do not want to damage the spinal cord

80
Q

How deeply does the needle need to be inserted for a spinal tap?

A

-must be inserted through the DURA MATER and ARACHNOID MATER so it can enter the SUBARACHNOID SPACE

Biology 152 (12 decks)

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