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Biology 152 > LAB 4: Neural Tissue and Anatomy of CNS > Flashcards

LAB 4: Neural Tissue and Anatomy of CNS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four neuroglia found in the CNS?

A
  • microglia
  • oligodendrocytes
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
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2
Q

Which of the neuroglia are most like the astrocytes? Why?

A

-EPENDYMAL CELLS control what enters CFS similar to how the astrocytes patrol and monitors blood-brain barrier

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3
Q

What are the two neuroglia found in the PNS?

A
  • satellite cells

- Schwann cells

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4
Q

How would you classify a Purkinje cell structurally?

A

-MULTIPOLAR

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5
Q

What are the three sets of partitions that axons are surrounded by?

A
  • EDONEURIUM
  • EPINEURIUM
  • PERINEURIUM
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6
Q

What is the tissue that makes up the three partitions?

A

-CONNECTIVE tissue

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7
Q

What is a bundle of AXONS in the CNS called?

A

-TRACT

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8
Q

What is the disease that results from DEMYELINATION that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve?

A

-MULITPLE SCLEROSIS

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?

A
  • partial loss of vision

- problems with speech, balance, and in/voluntary motor control

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10
Q

What NEUROGLIA are affected with MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS?

A
  • Schwann cells

- Oligodendrocytes

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11
Q

What is the function of the CEREBRUM?

A
  • largest part of the brain - thought and action

- divided into 4 lobes

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12
Q

What is the function of the EPITHALAMUS?

A
  • PINEAL GLAND: secretes melatonin

- CHOROID PLEXUS: supplies material for production of CSF

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13
Q

What is the FUNCTION of the THALAMUS?-

A

-filters and relays sensory information to the CEREBRUM

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14
Q

What is the function of the HYPOTHALAMUS?

A
  • controls ANS
  • endocrine system
  • thirst
  • hunger
  • body temp.
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15
Q

What is the function of the MIDBRAIN?

A
  • regulates basal nuclei
  • maintains consciousness
  • initiates reflexes
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16
Q

What is the function of the PONS?

A
  • connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain

- modifies respiratory rate

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17
Q

What is the function of the MEDULLA OBLONGATA?

A
  • controls heart rate & force of contraction
  • blood pressure
  • respiratory rate
  • majority of motor tracts cross over here (decussation of pyramids)
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18
Q

What is the function of the CEREBELLUM?

A

-plans, coordinates movement to prevent loss of balance and overshooting

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19
Q

What is the function of the LONGITUDINAL FISSURE?

A
  • separates LEFT and RIGHT CEREBRAL hemispheres
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20
Q

What is the function of the TRANSVERSE FISSURE?

A

-separates CEREBELLUM from CEREBRUM

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21
Q

What is the function of the LATERAL SULCUS?

A

-separates PARIETAL LOBE from TEMPORAL LOBE

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22
Q

What is the function of the CENTRAL SULCUS?

A

-separates the PARIETAL LOBE from the FRONTAL LOBE

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23
Q

What is the function of the PRECENTRAL GYRUS?

A

-primary MOTOR cortex

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24
Q

What is the function of the POSTCENTRAL GYRUS?

A

-primary SENSORY cortex

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25
What is the function of the FRONTAL LOBE?
- cognition | - motor control
26
What is the function of the PARIETAL LOBE?
-general senses
27
What is the function of the OCCIPITAL LOBE?
-vision
28
What is the function of the TEMPORAL LOBE?
- hearing | - smell
29
What is the function of the INSULA?
-taste
30
What is the function of the CEREBRAL CORTEX?
- grey matter - conscious perception of sensory perception of sensory input - integration - initiation of motor activities
31
What is the function of the WHITE MATTER TRACTS?
-relays info through the brain
32
What is the function of the CORPUS COLLOSUM?
-commissural fibres relay information between the LEFT and RIGHT hemispheres
33
What is the function of the FORNIX?
-association fibres relay information within ONE hemisphere
34
What is the function of the BASAL NUCLEI (CAUDALE NUCLEUS)?
- subconscious control of muscles to coordinate movement | - eg. relax opposing muscles or stimulate muscle to stabilize joint
35
What is the function of the BASAL NUCLEI (LENTIFORM NUCLEUS)?
-subconscious control of muscles to coordinate movement
36
What is the function of the INTERTHALAMIC ADHESIONS?
-connects the two THALAMI NUCLEI
37
What is the CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA?
-4 little bodies on the POSTERIOR surface of brain stem
38
What is the function of the SUPERIOR COLLICULI?
-visual reflex
39
What is the function of the INFERIOR COLLICULI?
-auditory reflex
40
What is the LATERAL VENTRICLE?
- CSF filled chambers located within both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
41
What is the INTERVENTRICULAR FOREMAN?
-connects LATERAL ventricle to THIRD ventricle
42
Where is the THIRD ventricle found?
-BETWEEN thalamic nuclei
43
What is the choroid plexus?
-capillary network surrounded by ependymal cells, produce CSF
44
What is the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT?
-connects THIRD & FOURTH ventricles
45
What are the FOURTH VENTRICLES?
-releases CSF to SUBARACHNOID SPACE and the CENTRAL CANAL of the spinal cord
46
List in order (10 steps) the structures through which CSF flows from the time it is formed to the venous circulation.
1) CHOROID PLEXUS of the LATERAL VENTRICLES 2) INTERVENTRICULAR FOREMAN 3) THIRD VENTRICLE 4) CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT 5) FOURTH VENTRICLE 6) LATERAL or MEDIAN apertures of the FOURTH VENTRICLES 7) CENTRAL CANAL of the spinal cord or the SUBARACHNOID SPACE surrounding the brain and spinal cord 8) ARACHNOID GRANULATIONS 9) DURAL SINUSES 10) VENOUS CIRCULATION
47
What is within the EPIDURAL SPACE?
-has blood vessels, areolar, and adipose connective tissue
48
What is the SUBDURAL SPACE?
- narrow space | - probably not present in a living person
49
What is the SUBARACHNOID SPACE?
- contains CSF - separates the PIA MATER and ARACHNOID MATER - blood vessels to and form the brain cross through this space as well as beams of connective tissue called TRABECULAE
50
What is the DURA MATER?
- "tough motherfucker" | - tough fibrous outermost covering of the spinal cord and brain
51
What is the ARACHNOID MATER?
- delicate | - web-like middle membrane of the spinal cord
52
What is the PIA MATER?
- delicate - innermost membrane conforming to the contours of the brain and spinal cord - is not visible on the models - membrane contracts neural tissue of brain and spinal cord
53
What of the 4 tissue are the meninges formed by?
-CONNECTIVE tissue
54
What are DURAL FOLDS?
- layers within the DURA MATER | - encloses DURAL SINUSES
55
What are DURAL SINUSES?
- in the DURAL FOLDS of the DURA MATER | - venous blood is collected in the sinuses before flowing into the INTERNAL JUGULAR VEINS
56
What two fluids are within the DURAL SINUS?
- venous blood | - cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
57
What is the FALX CEREBRI?
-separates CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, attach to CRISTA GILLI
58
What is the TENTORIUM CEREBELLI?
- "tent" | - in TRANSVERSE FISSURE, covers CEREBELLUM
59
What is the FALX CEREBELLI?
- in TRANVERSE FISSURE | - separates CEREBELLAR HEMISPHERES
60
Where does the SPINAL CORD begin and end?
- begins at FOREMAN MAGNUM | - ends at L1-L2
61
What are the CERVICAL ENLARGEMENT?
-wider section of SPINAL CORD where nerves to arms rise
62
What are the LUMBAR ENLARGEMENTS?
-wider section of the SPINAL CORD where nerves to legs rise
63
What is the CONUS MEDULLARIS?
-CONE-SHAPED end of spinal cord
64
What is the SPINAL NERVE ROOT?
-portion of nerves that enter/exit the spinal cord
65
What is the CENTRAL CANAL?
-contains CSF
66
What is the FILUM TERMINALE?
-extension of Pia mater that anchors. the spinal cord to the COCCYX
67
What is the CAUDA EQUINA?
-extension of SACRAL and COCCYGEAL nerves
68
What is the POSTERIOR MEDIAN SULCUS?
-POSTERIOR groove of the spinal cord
69
What is the ANTERIOR MEDIAN FISSURE?
-ANTERIOR groove of the spinal cord
70
What is the POSTERIOR GREY HORN?
-contains SOMATIC sensory and VISCERAL sensory nuclei (cell bodies)
71
What is the LATERAL GREY HORN?
-contains VISCERAL motor nuclei
72
What is the ANTERIOR GREY HORN?
-contains SOMATIC motor nuclei
73
What is the POSTERIOR WHITE COLUMN?
-has ASCENDING tracts
74
What is the LATERAL WHITE COLUNM?
-has ASCENDING and DESCENDING tracts
75
Why is there a difference of colour between the grey horns and white columns?
WHITE: myelinated GREY: all other parts
76
Do ASCENDING tracts carry sensory or motor info?
-SENSORY
77
Do DESCENDING tracts carry sensory or motor info?
-MOTOR
78
What is an epidural and why is it administered through the epidural space?
- given to women in labor to help with pain - given in epidural space because its close to the DORSAL ROOT which is responsible for sensory stimulus and by giving the epidural it blocks the pain receptors
79
Where does a spinal tap get inserted?
-below L1-L2 because you do not want to damage the spinal cord
80
How deeply does the needle need to be inserted for a spinal tap?
-must be inserted through the DURA MATER and ARACHNOID MATER so it can enter the SUBARACHNOID SPACE

Biology 152 (12 decks)

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