LAB - 4 - Routes...

Question 1

2 Types of Systemic Routes:

Answer 1

Enteral
Parenteral

Question 2

Enteral Routes:

Answer 2

Oral
Sublingual
Rectal

Question 3

Parenteral Routes:

Answer 3

Inhalation
Injections
Transdermal

Question 4

Administration of a drug by mouth.

Answer 4

Oral Route

Question 5

This route is easily self-administered, limits the number of systemic infections, and is exposed to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, which may limit absorption.

Answer 5

Oral Route

Question 6

Most drugs absorbed from the GI tract enter the portal circulation and encounter the liver before they are distributed into general circulation, known as ___

Answer 6

“First Pass Metabolism.”

Question 7

Advantages of oral route:

Answer 7

Safe
Convenient
Painless
Economical
Self-administered

Question 8

Disadvantages of oral route:

Answer 8

Slow onset
First pass effect
Drugs destroyed by digestive juices
Cannot be given to unconscious or uncooperative patients

Question 9

A method where a tablet or pellet containing the drug is placed under the tongue or crushed in the mouth and spread over the buccal mucosa, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream, bypassing the liver.

Answer 9

Sublingual/Buccal Route

Question 10

Advantages of Sublingual/Buccal Route:

Answer 10

Quick onset of action
Bypasses first pass effect
Can be spat out if side effects occur

Question 11

Disadvantages of Sublingual/Buccal Route:

Answer 11

Distasteful drugs cannot be given
Drugs with high molecular weight are not well absorbed
Swallowing may deactivate the drug

Question 12

Drugs are administered rectally as a suppository, mixed with a waxy substance that dissolves or liquefies after insertion into the rectum.

Answer 12

Rectal Route

Question 13

Advantages of Rectal Route:

Answer 13

Useful in patients with nausea and vomiting
Bypasses first pass effect
Useful if the drug is a gastric irritant

Question 14

Disadvantages of Rectal Route:

Answer 14

Chances of rectal inflammation
Absorption is unreliable
Inconvenient and embarrassing for the patient

Question 15

Parenteral Routes

Answer 15

Intravenous (IV)
Direct administration of drugs into the bloodstream.

Question 16

Advantages of Parenteral Routes:

Answer 16

Quick onset
Bypasses first pass effect
Useful in unconscious patients
Allows large volume fluids
Gastric irritant drugs may be given
Amount of drug is controlled

Question 17

Also known as a spinal tap, is a test used to diagnose certain health conditions. It’s performed in your lower back, in the lumbar region. During this, a needle is inserted into the space between two lumbar bones, called vertebrae. Then a sample of cerebrospinal fluid is removed.

Answer 17

Lumbar puncture

Question 18

Intraarterial Administration is for:

Answer 18

Vasodilator drugs in treatment of vasospasm
Thrombolytic drugs in treatment of embolism

Question 19

Where do we drop the medication in eye drop administration:

Answer 19

Place the prescribed dosage onto the conjuctival sac.

Question 20

Otic Medications Considerations

Answer 20

Otic Medications
Tilt head to side with ear facing up for 2 to 5 minutes.

Patients under 3 should have lobes pulled down and back.
Cotton swabs placed in the ear after administration of drops will prevent excess medication from dripping out of the ear
Swabs will not reduce drug absorption
Patients over 3 should should have lobes pulled up and back

Question 21

Nasal administration should be administered to the:

Answer 21

Can act topically through the nasal epithelium Or taken up through the respiratory tract as an inhalant

Question 22

Disadvantages of Parenteral Routes:

Answer 22

Painful
Aseptic conditions required
Risk of thrombophlebitis
Risk of air or particulate embolism

Question 23

Injection of drugs into the muscle.

Answer 23

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 24

Advantages of Intramuscular Route:

Answer 24

More predictable and rapid absorption compared to oral
Depot injections can be given for a sustained drug effect

Question 25

Disadvantages of Intramuscular Route:

Answer 25

Painful Aseptic conditions required Risk of abscess and nerve damage Large volumes cannot be given

Question 26

Injection of drugs into the tissue beneath the skin.

Answer 26

Subcutaneous (SC)

Question 27

Advantages of Subcutaneous Route:

Answer 27

Smooth absorption over longer periods Depot injections can be given

Question 28

Disadvantages of Subcutaneous Route:

Answer 28

Limited to small volumes (maximum 2 ml) Irritant drugs may cause necrosis and sloughing Not suitable in states of shock

Question 29

Injection of drugs into the bone marrow.

Answer 29

Intramedullary

Question 30

Advantages of Intramedullary Route:

Answer 30

Very fast onset of action

Question 31

Disadvantages of Intramedullary Route:

Answer 31

Painful Risky Strict aseptic conditions required Requires skill to administer

Question 32

Injection of drugs into the spinal canal.

Answer 32

Intrathecal

Question 33

Advantages of Intrathecal Route:

Answer 33

Drug acts directly on meninges and CNS Bypasses blood-brain barrier and blood-CSF barrier

Question 34

Disadvantages of Intrathecal Route:

Answer 34

Strict aseptic precautions required Painful procedure

Question 35

Injection of drugs directly into an artery.

Answer 35

Intraarterial

Question 36

Advantages of Intraarterial Route:

Answer 36

Greater concentrations of the drug can be delivered to a specific site

Question 37

Disadvantages of Intraarterial Route:

Answer 37

Painful Requires aseptic conditions Requires expertise to administer

Question 38

Administration of drugs through the respiratory system.

Answer 38

Inhalation Route

Question 39

Advantages of Inhalation Route:

Answer 39

Fast absorption Quick onset Can be self-administered

Question 40

Disadvantages of Inhalation Route:

Answer 40

Potential for bronchial irritation

Question 41

Application of drugs to the skin or mucous membranes, including conjunctival, auditory, nasal, vaginal, urethral routes, and transdermal patches.

Answer 41

Topical Routes

Question 42

Advantages of Topical Routes:

Answer 42

Achieves systemic effects via skin application

Question 43

Disadvantages of Topical Routes:

Answer 43

Specific to the method used and the site of application

Question 44

Locate the site for IM injection of the deltoid:

Answer 44

2-3 fingers below the acromion process

Question 45

Locate the site for ventrogluteal injection:

Answer 45

place the palm of a hand over the greater trochanter of the femur, facing the index finger and thumb towards the umbilicus, along the anterior iliac spine

Question 46

SIte of injection for newborns:

Answer 46

Left leg, vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh

Question 47

What are the 4 intramuscular injections sites?

Answer 47

Deltoid muscle Vastus lateralis Ventrogluteal muscle Dorsogluteal muscle