lab 5

Question 1

a gene can come in different forms called?

Answer 1

alleles

Question 2

what is a dominant allele

Answer 2

one whose phenotypic effect is the same in both heterozygous and homozygous conditions

Question 3

what is a recessive allele

Answer 3

is one that is not expressed phenotypically in heterozygous forms

Question 4

what are heterozygous

Answer 4

has two different alleles for the gene

Question 5

what type of organism is a heterozygous

Answer 5

diploid organism

Question 6

what are homozygous

Answer 6

has two identical alleles for the gene

Question 7

what type of organism is a homozygous

Answer 7

diploid organism

Question 8

what are genotypes

Answer 8

genetic makeup of an organism,

Question 9

how are genotypes expressed

Answer 9

with letters AAaa

Question 10

what are phenotypes

Answer 10

physical appearance of an organism for a particular trait

Question 11

how are phenotypes expressed

Answer 11

with descriptive words (tall seeding)

Question 12

what is frequency

Answer 12

the proportion of one type of thing to total population

Question 13

what is used to separate items in a series for frequency

Answer 13

comas

Question 14

what is used to separate items in the ratio

Answer 14

colons

Question 15

what is a ratio

Answer 15

proportion of one type of thing to another

Question 16

how do you calculate ratio

Answer 16

divide all numbers in a series by the lowest number

Question 17

what are two original parents represented by

Answer 17

P1 and P2

Question 18

what are the offspring of P1 and P2 represented by

Answer 18

F1

Question 19

how are the offspring from F1 a result of

Answer 19

self-fertilization

Question 20

what is F2 generation called

Answer 20

second filial

Question 21

what is a gene

Answer 21

a factor of inheritance for a particular trait/ characteristic of an organism

Question 22

what is a gene composed of

Answer 22

specific nucleotide sequence in DNA

Question 23

what does nucleotide sequence acts as

Answer 23

template for RNA synthesis and formation of specific protein in cell

Question 24

what is a punnett square

Answer 24

used to simulate all possible combinations of male and female gametes to form offspring

Question 25

what is a monohybrid cross

Answer 25

between two organisms that differ in respects to one characteristic (Aa)

Question 26

what is mendels first law

Answer 26

alleles of one gene segregate from one another during formation of gametes

Question 27

what is the principle of dominance

Answer 27

when parents differ in one characteristic, their hybrid offspring resemble only one parent and not a blend of both

Question 28

what is the principle of segregation

Answer 28

half passing on dominant character of one parent and other half passing on recessive character

Question 29

what is a dihybrid cross

Answer 29

is between two organisms that differ with respect to two characteristics

Question 30

how many genes should a diploid have

Answer 30

should have two copies of each gene AABB

Question 31

hoe many genes should a haploid have

Answer 31

only one of each gene AB

Question 32

what is mendels second law

Answer 32

alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation

Question 33

will there be an equal chance or unequal chance of genes being assorted independently

Answer 33

equal chance that an allele of one gene ends up with either of the alleles of other gene

Question 34

what is a test cross

Answer 34

crossing an individual of unknown genotype with homozygous recessive individuals

Question 35

different chromosomes are _________________

Answer 35

independent assortment

Question 36

same chromosomes are _________

Answer 36

gene linkage

Question 37

if two +genes are located _________ ________on a chromosomes, they move __________ during formation

Answer 37

close together and together

Question 38

when genes are close together and move together during gamete formation what are they

Answer 38

linked

Question 39

what is crossing over

Answer 39

genetic exchange that occurs between homologous chromosomes in prophase 1

Question 40

what happens is two genes are far apart

Answer 40

expect a greater chance of a breakage occuring somewhere between two genes in question

Question 41

what is the result of two genes that are far apart

Answer 41

relatively large number of recombinant gametes (closer to 0.5)

Question 42

what is the result of two genes that are two close together

Answer 42

recombinant offspring would be closer to frequency 0

Question 43

what happens if two genes are close together

Answer 43

expect fewer breakages to occur between and result in low number of recombinants

Question 44

characteristics that are passed from parents to offspring are actually ______ located on __________

Answer 44

genes and chromosomes