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General Biology I > Lab 5-7 review > Flashcards

Lab 5-7 review Flashcards

1
Q

differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

A

prokaryotic cells are single celled and they have no nucleus

eukaryotic cells are single celled or multicellular

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2
Q

name the method of locomotions of animal like protists

A
  1. using cilia
  2. pseudopodia
  3. flagella
  4. some don’t move at all
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3
Q

main characteristics or fungi

A
  • heterotrophic
  • non motile
  • cell walls
  • most are multicellular
  • include decomposers, parasites or mutualistic symbionts
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4
Q

what causes the zone of inhibition and what can we conclude from them

A

zones of inhibition are caused by antibiotics and we can conclude a certain bacteria’s resistance/sensitivity to said antibiotic

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5
Q

cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, do they contain chloroplasts?

A

no, they have chlorophyll in their plasma membranes

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6
Q

what are the 5 general essentials of plants

A
  • light
  • carbon dioxide
  • oxygen
  • water
  • some minerals
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7
Q

what are the 4 phyla of the plantae kingdom

A
  1. bryophyta
  2. pterophyta
  3. coniferophyta
  4. anthophyta
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8
Q

what are the mature sporophyte and reproductive structures of anthophyta (flowering plants)

A

mature sporophyte are the plant and trees

reproductive structures are the plants

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9
Q

what parts of the flower are included in the stamen (male section)

A
  • anthers
  • filaments
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10
Q

what parts of the flower are included in the carpel (female section)

A
  • stigma
  • style
  • ovary
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11
Q

what is the function of sepal structure in flowering plants

A

to enclose and protect the bud before opening

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12
Q

what is the function of anther

A

serves as pollen sac which produces pollen grains containing male gametes

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13
Q

what is the function of a root

A

to help the plant absorb water and minerals as well as providing structural support

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14
Q

what is the function of endodermis

A

endodermis is the single layer of cell that controls the entry of water into the vascular bundle

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14
Q

what is the function of the cortex in roots

A

cortex are the bundles of large cells that stores starch

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15
Q

what is the function of the pericycle

A

single layer of cells that divide and give rise to lateral roots

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16
Q

what is the function of xylem

A

conduct water and mineral throughout plant and provides structural support

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17
Q

what is the function of phloem

A

transport organic food throughout the plant

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18
Q

differentiate palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll

A

palisade mesophyll
- cylindrically shaped cells just below upper epidermis, area of photosynthesis; many chloroplasts

spongy mesophyll
- irregularly shaped cells just below palisade with many air spaces between them

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19
Q

what is the function of stoma

A

allows gas exchange for photosynthesis and water evaporation

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20
Q

name three characteristics of xerophyte type leaves

A
  • very thick cuticle
  • stomata in sheltered pits lined by hairs
  • palisade mesophyll cells are smaller and less numerous
  • more than one layer of epidermal cells
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21
Q

name three characteristics that will help to distinguish mesophyte type leaves

A
  • normal cuticle
  • one layer of epidermal cells
  • stomata in lower epidermis
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22
Q

name a few characteristics that will help distinguish hydrophyte type leaves

A
  • very thin cuticle
  • stomata in upper epidermis
  • very large air chambers in spongy mesophyll to float
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23
Q

what are the two types of symmetry and how to distinguish between them

A
  1. radial symmetry
    - doesn’t possess left/right side
    - slicing through central axis divides the animal into mirror images
  2. bilateral symmetry
    - possess left/right side
    - slicing through the animal laterally divides it into mirror images
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24
Q

name all phylum of invertebrate animals

A
  1. porifera
  2. cnidaria
  3. platyhelminthes
  4. nematoda
  5. annelida
  6. mollusca
  7. arthropoda
  8. echinodermata
25
Q

what are the main characteristics of the phylum porifera

A
  • mostly asymmetric
  • no true tissue/organs
  • filter feeders
26
Q

what are the body of porifera composed of

A

spicules or proteinaceous fibers

27
Q

what differentiates the two forms of cnidaria

A

polyp form
- mouth is on top

medusa form
- mouth is at the bottom

28
Q

what are the defining characteristics of cnidaria

A
  • radial symmetry
  • 2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm)
  • 2 body forms (medusa and polyp)
29
Q

what are the three type of cells found in cnidaria

A
  1. nerve cells
  2. gland cells
  3. stinging cells
30
Q

what are called the stinging cells in cnidaria

A

cnidocytes

31
Q

how do we call it when a cnidarian exhibit both body forms

A

polymorphism

32
Q

which body from do hydras exhibit

A

polyp

33
Q

what type of cells are found on tentacles

A

cnidocytes

34
Q

how does the polyp for differ from the medusa form in terms of mobility

A

the medusa form is more mobile and can swim, while they polyp holds onto and moves along surfaces

35
Q

what are the defining characteristics of platyhelminthes

A
  • bilateral symmetry
  • no body cavity
  • triploblastic
  • cephalization
36
Q

what do we mean when we say an organism exhibit cephalization

A

that all of its sensory organs are concentrated in the head region

37
Q

what are the defining characteristics of nematodes

A
  • triploblastic
  • pseudocoelom
  • complete digestive tract (one way)
  • no segments and one end tapered
38
Q

what are the defining characteristics of annalids

A
  • segmented worms
  • coelomate
  • closed circulation
39
Q

what are mollusks characterized by

A
  • their muscular ventral foot
  • dorsal visceral mass
  • mantle
40
Q

what is the purpose of the mantle in the phylum mollusca

A

to secrete protective shell

41
Q

what are the three main groups in mollusks and do they have open or closed circulation

A
  • snails, open
  • clam/oysters, open
  • squid/octopus, closed
42
Q

what defining characteristics do arthropoda have

A
  • hard jointed exoskeleton
  • body divided in three regions (head, thorax, abdomen)
  • open circulation
43
Q

name the respiratory device of insects, the crayfish and spiders

A

insects: tracheal system
crayfish: feathery gills
spiders/scorpions: booklungs

44
Q

how to tell the sex of a crayfish (looks like lobster)

A

male have small swimmerets below the abdomen region that female don’t

45
Q

what are the defining characteristics of echinodermata

A
  • adults have radial symmetry
  • immature larvae have bilateral symmetry
  • deuterostome
  • water vascular system
  • tube feet
46
Q

key difference between protostome and deuterostome

A

protostome forms mouth from blastopore

deuterostome forms anus from blastopore

47
Q

what is the unique feature to echinoderms

A

their water vascular system that they use for locomotion and grabbing food

48
Q

how do echinoderms hold onto any surface

A

by applying suction with their tube feet

49
Q

what are the defining characteristics of chordates

A
  • presence of notochord (spine like supporting rod)
  • hollow dorsal never cord
  • pharyngeal slits
  • post-anal tail
50
Q

why is the epiglottis important

A

prevents choking by covering the glottis when swallowing

51
Q

name three functions of the liver

A
  • produces bile
  • detoxify drugs and alcohol
  • stores vitamins and minerals
52
Q

what are the functions of small and large intestine

A

large - reabsorption of water and some nutrients and addition of mucous to waste

small - chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

53
Q

what are the functions of the pancreas

A
  1. production of pancreatic juice
  2. production of hormones for blood sugar regulation
54
Q

what are the functions of the spleen

A
  1. blood storage
  2. phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out RBC
  3. embryological blood formation
55
Q

explain filter feeding

A

water enters sponge body via pores, the flow of the water filters out the small organisms

56
Q

what type of reproduction is in polyp and medusa

A

polyp - asexual
medusa - sexual

57
Q

how does gas exchange occur in platyhelminthes

A

by diffusion across the body surface

58
Q

how does paramecium, amoeba and chlamydomonas move

A

paramecium - cilia
amoeba - pseudopodia
chlamydomonas - flagella

59
Q

define saprobe

A

organisms that decompose dead organic material

General Biology I (11 decks)

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