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Physiolab > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Horse
A

10-15/min

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2
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Cattle
A

10-30/min

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3
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Small ruminants
A

15-30/min

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4
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Swine
A

12-20/min

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5
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Adult dog
New-born dog
A

Adult 15-30/min

New-born 30-40/min

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6
Q

Respiratory rate (resting state)
Adult cat
New-born cat

A

Adult 20-30/min

New-born 35-45/min

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7
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Rabbit
A

50-60/min

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8
Q 
Respiratory rate (resting state)
Poultry
A

10-40/min

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9
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

760 mmHg (101.3 kPa)

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10
Q

Pressure values during inspiration and expiration

Alveolar pressure

  • inspiration
  • expiration
A

inspiration: 757 mmHg (100.7 kPa)
expiration: 763 mmHg (101.5 kPa)

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11
Q

Pressure values during inspiration and expiration

Intrapleural pressure

  • inspiration
  • expiration
A

Inspiration: 752mmHg (100.0 kPa)

Expiration: 757mmHg (100.7 kPa)

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12
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Inspired air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 158 mmHg

CO2: 0.3 mmHg

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13
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Alveolar air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 100 mmHg

CO2: 40 mmHg

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14
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Pulmonary vein (arterial blood)

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 95 mmHg

CO2: 40 mmHg

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15
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Pulmonary artery (venous blood)

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 40 mmHg

CO2: 46 mmHg

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16
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Expired air

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 116 mmHg

CO2: 32 mmHg

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17
Q

Partial pressure of gases in the respiratory tract

Cells

  • O2
  • CO2
A

O2: 24 mmHg

CO2: 50 mmHg

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18
Q

Characteristics of hemoglobin

Oxygen binding capacity

A

4mmol O2/ mmol Hb

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19
Q

Characteristics of hemoglobin

Iron content

A

4mmol Fe / mmol Hb

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20
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 liter blood

Arteries

  • at 120 g/l Hb content
  • at 150 g/l Hb content
A

At 120 g/l Hb content: 0.16 liter

At 150 g/l Hb content: 0.20 liter

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21
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 liter blood

Veins

  • at 120 g/l Hb content
  • at 150 g/l Hb content
A

At 120 g/l Hb content: 0.12 liter

At 150 g/l Hb content: 0.15 liter

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22
Q

Maximal oxygen saturation of 1 liter blood

Arterio-venosus O2 differency

  • at 120 g/l Hb content
  • at 150 g/l Hb content
A

At 120 g/l Hb content: 0.04 liter

At 150 g/l Hb content: 0.05 liter

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23
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus

24
Q

Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Oncotic pressure in the glomerulus

25
Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus Pressure in a Bowman’s capsule
20mmHg
26
Pressure values in the juxtaglomerular apparatus Effective filtration pressure
10 mmHg
27
The volume and density of urine Average daily volume
20-50 ml/bwt
28
The volume and density of urine Range of density
1015-1045 g/dm3
29
Clearance values in humans Para-amino hippuric acid
600 ml/min
30
Clearance values in humans Inulin
120 ml/min
31
Clearance values in humans Urea
80 ml/min
32
Clearance values in humans Glucose
0 ml/min
33
Define dead space
The portion of each tidal volume that doesn’t take part in gas exchange
34
Define dynamic lung volume
Lung volume depends on the flow rate at which air can be exhaled
35
Define vital capacity
The maximal volume expelled after maximal inspiration (VS=ERV+IRV+VT)
36
Define inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be forcibly inspired after normal inspiration
37
Define expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be forcibly expired after normal expiration
38
Define tidal volume
The amount of air exhaled or inhaled during a respiratory cycle
39
Define expiration capacity
The maximal volume expired from resting inspiratory level (EC=VT+ERT)
40
Define residual volume
The amount of air remaining in lung after maximal expiration (RV=VC x 0.25)
41
Define inspiratory capacity
The maximal volume inspired from resting expiratory level (IC=VT+IRV)
42
Define functional residual capacity
The air volume that remain in the lung at resting expiratory level (FCR=ERV+RV)
43
Define total lung capacity
The air volume in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration (TLC=VC+RV)
44
Define minimal volume
Achieved when lung collapse. Fraction get into interstices by diffusion at first breath
45
What can be measured with pneumatometer?
Respiratory pressure
46
Tiffeneau index formula?
TI(%) = (FEV1 / VC) x 100
47
How to perform the Müller maneuver
Forced inspiration after normal expiration with closed glottis
48
How to perform the Valsalva maneuver
Take deep breath and perform forced expiration with closed glottis
49
Where is the chemoreceptors that can sense the CO2 partial pressure in the blood situated?
At the bottom of the fourth cerebral ventricle
50
What happens with the heart rate during inspiration? Explain
During inspiration the heart rate is higher than during expiration. Because DRG nuclei inhibits the vagal nuclei during inspiration
51
What is meant by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)?
Changes in heart rate in connection with respiration
52
Formula for the total lung capacity
TLC = VC + RV
53
Donder’s model
Glass bell, rubber sheet, two rubber balloons and cannula connected to a manometer
54
Hyperpnoea
The deep and frequent respiration that occurs normally after exercising
55
Effect of Hypocapnia
If it provides more air than required, can cause dizziness. Hyperventilating

Physiolab (5 decks)

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