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21 fall: histology > lab 5 cartilage > Flashcards

lab 5 cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three types of cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrous cartilage.

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2
Q

most prevalent cartilage in vertebrates.

A

hyaline

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3
Q

In the fetus, ____ cartilage forms most of the skeletal blueprint before it is replaced by bone and bone marrow through a process known as ____

A

hyaline
endochondral ossification

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4
Q

In adults, hyaline cartilage persists ____

A

as the nasal, laryngeal, tracheobronchial, and costal cartilages, articular surface of synovial joints (e.g. knee, shoulder).

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5
Q

this tissue has tremendous resilience and is uniquely suited for withstanding compressive forces.

A

hyaline cartilage

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6
Q

ECM of hyaline cartilage

A

Iavascular extracellular matrix (ECM)

thin (type II collagen)

amorphous material consisting largely of sulfated proteoglycans

(e.g. the large proteoglycan aggrecan, which contains aggregates of hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate)

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7
Q

Hyaline cartilage amorphous ground substance is made of

A

sulfated proteoglycans (e.g. the large proteoglycan aggrecan, which contains aggregates of hyaluronic acid, and chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate).

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8
Q

The sulfate groups on the chondroitin and keratan sulfate molecules strongly attract ___ dyes and thus determine the basophilic staining characteristic of cartilage.

Thus, if your slide is stained with H&E, the cartilage ECM will stain a ____

A

basic
very strong purple

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9
Q

Most cartilages are sheathed by a two-layered ____

A

perichondrium

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10
Q

The outermost layer of the perichondrium consists of _____ the cells (____) in this layer are spindle-shaped.

A

dense irregular connective tissue (type I collagen)

fibroblasts

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11
Q

The inner layer is ____ consisting of 2-3 layers of flattened, fibroblast-like ____cells.

A

chondrogenic
chondrogenic

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12
Q

young cartilage cells)

A

chondroblasts

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13
Q

chondroblasts secrete ECM and become trapped within it. They are then called ___

A

chondrocytes.

During tissue preparation, chondrocytes retract from the lacunar walls, often leaving gaping holes. This shrinkage is an artifact and does not exist in life.

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14
Q

daughter cells of condocytes are called ___ and are separated by a very narrow _____

A

isogenous groups
matrical septum

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15
Q

The ECM immediately enveloping the chondrocytes is the ____.

A

territorial matrix,

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16
Q

The ECM that is farther away from the chondrocytes that is paler is the ____

A

interterritorial matrix

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17
Q

The ECM of elastic cartilage contains:

A

elastic fibers
type II collagen
sulfated proteoglycans

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18
Q

Elastic cartilage is found in the___

A

auricle of the external ear, and a major portion of the epiglottis.

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19
Q

Elastic cartilage has ___

A

remarkable flexibility and the ability to regain its original shape after deformation

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20
Q

The elastic fibers in an H &E slide are ____
Weigert’s _____
Orcein ____

A

pale pink
purple
red

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21
Q

true or false
elastic cartilage is vascular in adults

A

false

EC is Avascular is adults

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22
Q

____ is generally avascular, and lacks a perichondrium. It is a hybrid tissue, with many characteristics of dense connective tissue and hyaline cartilage

A

Fibrous Cartilage

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23
Q

ECM of fibrous cartilage have ___

A

type 1 and type 11 collagen fibers
low concentration of proteoglycans.

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24
Q

What color is fibrous cartilage

A

opaque

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25
Q

Where can you find fibrous cartilage

A

located in transitional zones between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue.

pubic symphyses, intervertebral discs, and at points where tendons insert into bones.

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26
Q

home of condrocytes

A

lacunae

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27
Q

in fibrous cartilage isogenous groups are in

A

rows

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28
Q

intra-cartilaginous ossification is another name for

A

Endochondral ossification

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29
Q

periosteal bone and many cranial bones, arise through ____

A

intramembranous ossification

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30
Q

epiphyseal plates or discs is another name for

A

cartilaginous growth plates

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31
Q

what are the zones of EO growth

A

zone of resting
zone of proliferation
zone of hypertrophy
zone of degradation
zone of ossification

32
Q

this zone is unaffected by EO, and is recognizable as being closest to the epiphysis and by containing randomly scattered chondrocytes

A

Resting zone (or “zone of reserve cartilage”)

33
Q

“zone of reserve cartilage”

A

Resting zone

34
Q

his zone is recognizable by the stacking of chondrocytes into vertical columns (isogenous groups)

A

Zone of proliferation (or “zone of multiplication”);

35
Q

“zone of multiplication”

A

Zone of proliferation

36
Q

his zone is recognized by the swelling and increase of cell size

A

Zone of hypertrophy

37
Q

this zone is represented by one terminal layer of hypertrophic chondrocytes that are facing the trabecular bone and marrow

A

Zone of degradation (or “zone of calcification and erosion”

38
Q

“zone of calcification and erosion”

A

Zone of degradation

39
Q

this zone is recognized by trabecular bony spicules with hypertrophic cartilage cores

A

zone of ossification

40
Q

bone-resorbing cells

A

osteoclasts

41
Q

osteoclasts are found it which zone

A

zone of ossification

42
Q

osteoclasts are present on trabecular bone surfaces in ____

A

resorption pits or Howship’s lacunae

43
Q

Osteoclasts

A

are derived from the monocytic lineage, and are multinucleate (anywhere from 2-40 nuclei).

44
Q
A
45
Q

what are the ovals?

A
46
Q
A

Trachea

  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Isogenous group
  3. Territorial matrix
  4. Interterritorial matrix
  5. Chondrocyte
47
Q
A

Trachea

  1. Interterritorial matrix
  2. Territorial matrix
  3. Inner layer of perichondrium
  4. Outer layer of perichondrium
  5. Lacuna
48
Q
A

Ear

  1. Elastic cartilage
  2. Lacuna
  3. Densely packed elastic fibers
49
Q
A

Ear

  1. Chondrocyte
  2. Territorial matrix
  3. Interterritorial matrix
  4. Inner perichondrium
  5. Outer perichondrium
  6. Elastic fibers
50
Q
A

Epiglottis

  1. Interterritorial matrix
  2. Elastic fiber
  3. Territorial matrix
  4. Inner layer of the perichondrium
  5. Outer layer of the perichondrium
51
Q
A

intervertebral disc
Fibrous Cartilage

  1. Chondrocytes
  2. Collagen fibers
52
Q
A

Sternebra

  1. Fibrous cartilage
  2. Bone marrow cavity
  3. Trabecular bone
  4. Muscle
  5. Future Costal Cartilage
  6. Bone and Bone Marrow
53
Q
A

Sternebra

  1. Fibrous cartilage
    1a. Chondrocytes
    *Note “beads-on-a-string” appearance
  2. Bone marrow
  3. Trabecular bone
54
Q
A

Sternebra

  1. Fibrous cartilage
  2. Chondrocyte
    2a. Note “beads-on-a-string” appearance
55
Q
A
  1. Zone of proliferation
  2. Zone of hypertrophy
  3. Zone of degradation
  4. Zone of 0ssification
56
Q
A
  1. Osteoblasts
  2. Trabecular bone
  3. Osteocyte
  4. Bone marrow
57
Q
A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Osteoclast
  3. Howship’s lacunae
  4. Trabecular bone
  5. Osteocyte
58
Q
A
  1. Bone marrow
  2. Osteoclast
  3. Howship’s lacunae
  4. Osteocyte
  5. Trabecular bone
59
Q
A

Trachea and Esophagus

60
Q

what are the two pink lines on the Left

A

perichondrium

61
Q

why can’t you see fibers

A

so dense can’t tell them apart

elastic cartilage (can see fibers at edge)

62
Q

pink lines?

A

elastic fibers
elastic cartilage

63
Q
A

epiglottis
patches of elastic cartilage

64
Q

epiglottis

A

patch of elastic cartilage

elastic fibers are red
found on inner border

65
Q
A

fibrocartilage

66
Q
A

sternebrae mouse
fibrous cartilage
“beads on a string”

67
Q

zones?

A

zone of resting
zone of proliferation
zone of hypertrophy
zone of degradation
zone of ossification

68
Q

what kind of bone

A

trabecular bone/spongy bone

69
Q
A

bone marrow
hypertrophic cartilage core
osteocyte
sinusoid
osteoblast

70
Q
A

osteoclast- eating bone is Howship’s Lacunea
multinucleated

71
Q

what type of cartilage

A

hyaline

72
Q
A

trachea
hyaline cartilage
ciliated, pseudostratified columnar epithelium

73
Q
A

Trachea

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

2 layers of Perichondrium

74
Q
A

trachea
Hyaline Cartilage
-lacuna- little home
-isogenous group
- perichondrium (2 layers on bottom)

75
Q
A

epiglottis

elastic cartilage in groups on inner edge
filled with adipose tissue

76
Q
A

intervertebral Disk of a horse

21 fall: histology (36 decks)

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