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Biology 241 Lab EXAM > Lab 5: Fermentation and Biofuels > Flashcards

Lab 5: Fermentation and Biofuels Flashcards

1
Q

Fermentation

A

The process of producing ethanol through the breakdown of carbohydrates by yeast.

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2
Q

Ethanol

A

A type of alcohol produced through fermentation, commonly used as a biofuel.

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3
Q

Biological efficiency

A

The measure of how efficiently the fermentation process produces ethanol.

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4
Q

Data analysis

A

The process of interpreting and drawing conclusions from experimental data.

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5
Q

Biofuels

A

Alternative sources of energy, such as ethanol and biodiesel, produced from organic materials.

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6
Q

Sustainable

A

Environmentally friendly and capable of being maintained over the long term.

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7
Q

Environmentally friendly

A

Having a minimal impact on the environment.

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8
Q

Investments

A

Allocations of money or resources for the purpose of generating future income or benefits.

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9
Q

Biodiesel

A

A type of biofuel made from vegetable oils or animal fats.

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10
Q

Refineries

A

Facilities where raw materials are processed to produce usable products.

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11
Q

Renewable Fuel Standard Program

A

A program aimed at increasing the production of renewable fuels, such as corn ethanol.

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12
Q

Net energy gain

A

The amount of energy gained from a process after accounting for the energy input required.

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13
Q

Eutrophication

A

The excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants due to the presence of nutrients in water bodies.

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14
Q

Groundwater

A

Water located beneath the Earth’s surface, often used as a source of drinking water.

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15
Q

Aquatic ecosystems

A

Ecosystems found in bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers, and oceans.

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16
Q

Herbicides

A

Chemicals used to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants.

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17
Q

Fertilizers

A

Substances added to soil or plants to provide essential nutrients for growth.

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18
Q

Greenhouse gases

A

Gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.

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19
Q

Carbon-neutral

A

Not contributing to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

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20
Q

Sugarcane

A

A tall perennial grass used for the production of sugar and ethanol.

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21
Q

Greenhouse gas emissions

A

The release of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

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22
Q

Rainforests

A

Forests characterized by high rainfall and biodiversity, often found in tropical regions.

23
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

A colorless gas produced during fermentation and other processes, known for its role in climate change.

24
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of plant and animal species in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

25
Q

Food security

A

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable and nutritious food.

26
Q

Wheat

A

A cereal grain commonly used for food and, potentially, biofuel production.

27
Q

Genetic engineering

A

The manipulation of an organism’s genes to achieve desired traits or outcomes.

28
Q

Cellulose

A

A complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, potentially usable for biofuel production.

29
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, serving as a source of energy.

30
Q

Starch

A

A complex carbohydrate made up of glucose molecules, commonly found in plants.

31
Q

Metabolic processes

A

Chemical reactions that occur within living organisms to maintain life and support growth.

32
Q

Baking

A

The process of cooking food using dry heat, often in an oven.

33
Q

Distillation

A

The process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling points.

34
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of a substance present in a given volume or mass.

35
Q

NaCl

A

The chemical formula for table salt, sodium chloride.

36
Q

Alcohol concentration

A

The amount of alcohol present in a solution, often expressed as a percentage.

37
Q

Green fuel

A

A type of fuel that is produced from renewable sources and has a lower environmental impact.

38
Q

Experimental question

A

The specific question that a scientific experiment is designed to answer.

39
Q

Null hypothesis

A

A statement that suggests there is no significant difference between variables being tested.

40
Q

Alternate hypothesis

A

A statement that suggests there is a significant difference between variables being tested.

41
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable being measured or observed in an experiment, which is affected by the independent variable.

42
Q

Control

A

A standard or reference group used for comparison in an experiment.

43
Q

Constant factors

A

Variables or conditions that are kept the same throughout an experiment.

44
Q

Alcohol concentrations

A

The amount of alcohol present in a solution, often expressed as a percentage.

45
Q

Replicates

A

Multiple instances or samples used to repeat an experiment and increase the reliability of results.

46
Q

Yeast solution

A

A liquid mixture containing yeast and other substances, used in fermentation experiments.

47
Q

Alcohol

A

A class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH).

48
Q

Carbon dioxide production

A

The generation of carbon dioxide gas as a by-product of certain chemical reactions, such as fermentation.

49
Q

CO2

A

The chemical formula for carbon dioxide, a gas produced during fermentation.

50
Q

Volume

A

The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or substance.

51
Q

Conversion factor

A

A ratio used to convert one unit of measurement to another.

52
Q

Overflow

A

The spilling or flowing over the edge of a container due to excessive volume or pressure.

53
Q

Corrected fluid height

A

The adjusted measurement of fluid height in a tube, accounting for any overflow.

54
Q

Reverse Osmosis

A

A water purification process that removes impurities by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane.

Biology 241 Lab EXAM (7 decks)

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