Lab 5: Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What is flexion?

Answer 1

Decreasing a joint angle

Question 2

What is extension?

Answer 2

Increasing a joint angle

Question 3

What is origin?

Answer 3

A muscles attachment to bone that moves the least

Question 4

What is insertion?

Answer 4

A muscles attachment to bone which moves the most

Question 5

Differences between human and chicken legs?

Answer 5

Human has the tibia and the fibula, while chickens have a fused “shank”- the tibiotarsus (tibia and tarsals) and the fibula is a partially fused bone along side

Question 6

What’s in a myotendinous junction slide?

Answer 6

Ilifibular muscle to iliofibular tendon

Question 7

What’s in an osteotendinous junction slide?

Answer 7

Iliofibular tendon to fibula

Question 8

What does a tendon resist in how many directions?

Answer 8

Tension in one direction

Question 9

What is a tendon blood supply like?

Answer 9

Sparce

Question 10

Function of osteoclasts?

Answer 10

Bone resorption

Question 11

How do sharpey fibres become embedded in the bone matrix?

Answer 11

As bone grows, osteoblasts secrete hydroxyapocyte and trap collage fibres

Question 12

Shape of skeletal muscle fibres in cross section?

Answer 12

Polyhedral

Question 13

What surrounds every muscle fibre?

Answer 13

Endomysium

Question 14

What surrounds every fasicle (bundle of muscle fibres)?

Answer 14

Perimysium

Question 15

What surrounds muscle?

Answer 15

Epimysium

Question 16

What happens to coarse collagen fibres of the tendon as they approach muscle?

Answer 16

Become finer and less regular

Question 17

How is tensile force of the muscle transferred to the tendon?

Answer 17

When myocyte contracts, it pulls in the collagen

Question 18

When can muscle affect a joint?

Answer 18

Only if it crosses the joint

Question 19

What movement does contraction of the iliofibular muscle have on the chicken hip joint?

Answer 19

Extension

Question 20

Contraction of biceps femoris long head affects hip joint?

Answer 20

Yes extension

Question 21

Contraction of biceps femoris short head affects hip joint?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What is the function of the fibrous sling through which the tendon of the iliofibular muscle passes in the chicken?

Answer 22

Stops iliofibular muscle from bow-stringing

Question 23

Why is there no corresponding sling in the human?

Answer 23

Because there’s a short head of the biceps femoris

Question 24

Name of a muscle that aids the action of another muscle?

Answer 24

Synergist

Question 25

Name of muscle that opposes the action of another muscle?

Answer 25

Antagonist

Question 26

What does a large amplitude movement have?

Answer 26

Little power (attached more proximally)

Question 27

How much of it's original length can muscle contract?

Answer 27

1/3

Question 28

Steps of the gait cycle?

Answer 28

``` Right heel strike Right foot flat Right mid-stance Right push off Right toe off Right mid-swing Right heel strike ```

Question 29

When in the gait cycle is hamstring most active?

Answer 29

Right heel strike

Question 30

When in the gait cycle is the hamstring somewhat active?

Answer 30

Right foot flat

Question 31

Origin of the lateral iliotbial muscle?

Answer 31

Ilium

Question 32

Insertion of the lateral iliotibial muscle?

Answer 32

Tibiotarus

Question 33

Human equivalent of the lateral iliotibial muscle?

Answer 33

Gluteus maximum

Question 34

Origin of the iliofibular muscle?

Answer 34

Ilium

Question 35

Insertion of the iliofibular muscle?

Answer 35

Fibula

Question 36

Human equivalent of the iliofibular muscle?

Answer 36

Biceps femoris (long head) and the sling is equivalent to the short head

Question 37

Origin of the lateral and medial knew flexors?

Answer 37

Isctium

Question 38

Insertion of the lateral and medial knee flexors?

Answer 38

Tibiotarus

Question 39

Human equivalent of the lateral and medial knee flexors?

Answer 39

Semimembranous | Semi-tendinosus

Question 40

What make up the hamstring muscle in the chicken?

Answer 40

Iliofibular muscle | Lateral and medial knee flexors (accessory muscle)

Question 41

On the the medial view, what's the top and bottom flexors visible?

Answer 41

Top is medial, bottom is lateral

Question 42

What does the aponeurosis attach to?

Answer 42

Medial knee flexor | Tibiotarus

Question 43

What is are two parts of the aponeurosis in a chicken equivalent to?

Answer 43

The calcaneal/Achilles tendon