Respiratory System 2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Where are club cells?
In the wall of a bronchioles
Does a bronchus or a bronchioles have smaller diameter?
Bronchioles (and is also more simple)
Describe the bronchioles?
Smooth muscle controls the diameter, causes resistance of air and during exercise, there’s increased volume and decreased resistance to airflow as relaxed smooth muscle
What happens in an asthma attack?
Constriction of smooth muscle, but a bronchodilator relaxes smooth muscle
What’s in the wall of the bronchus?
Goblet cells, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, smooth muscle, mucus glands, cartilage plate
Is alveoli part of a bronchus?
No
What’s in a bronchiole wall?
Club cells, columnar ciliated epithelium, smooth muscle
What is the last bronchiole in the conducting zone?
Terminal bronchiole
Where do alveoli branch off from?
The bronchiole wall
What are alveoli sacs?
Bunches of alveoli
What are alveolar ducts?
Tubes made up of alveoli
What’s wrapped around a single alveolus?
Capillaries
What does the surfactant do?
Keeps alveoli moist, stops alveoli collapsing when you exhale
What’s the diffusion barrier in the alveolar wall like?
Alveolar air space Squamous pneumocyte Basement membrane sq. pn fused to basement membrane cap. End Cap. Endothelium Blood plasma Red blood cell
What supports the large airway during inspiration, but doesn’t continue beyond the smallest bronchi?
Cartilage (mucous glands also stop there too)
When does the thickness of the decrease?
When airway diameter decreases
Where are secretory cells?
In the epithelium of conducting airways
What are the types of secretory cells?
Goblet cells (mucus in larger airways) and club cells (serous-watery secretion in bronchioles)
Where is there more spiral orientation smooth muscle in relation to its size?
In small airways- although this muscle coat doesn’t continue beyond smallest bronchioles
What are the primary bronchi?
Right and left main stem bronchi supplying each lung
What are the secondary bronchi?
Lobar bronchi supplying lobes (2 on left, 3 on right)
What are tertiary bronchi?
Segmental bronchi supplying segments of the lung (8 on the left, 10 on the right)
What does each segment of the lung have?
It’s own air and blood supply
What does segmental air and blood supply mean for a surgeon?
When a localised tumour occurs, a surgeon who knows approximate boundaries can remove one or more segments containing the tumour without excessive leakage of air or blood from neighbouring segments
