Lab 8

Question 1

what does origin mean

Answer 1

an attachment site for less movable bone

Question 2

what does insertion mean

Answer 2

an attachment site for a more moveable bone

Question 3

agonist definition

Answer 3

prime mover - most responsible for producing a particular movement

Question 4

antagonist definition

Answer 4

opposite of reverse of agonist

Question 5

example of paired agonist and antagonist

Answer 5

bicep = agonist, triceps = antagonists

Question 6

synergists definition

Answer 6

aid agonist by assisting in movement or reducing undesirable/unnecessary movement

Question 7

synergist example

Answer 7

Example: moving fingers without having to move wrist

Question 8

fixators definition

Answer 8

fixed muscles, specialized synergists. Immobilize the origin of an agonist so that tension is exerted at the insertion

Question 9

fixators example

Answer 9

muscles that help maintain posture, stabilize scapula

Question 10

rectus

Answer 10

direction of muscle - in-line with midline

Question 11

transverse

Answer 11

direction of muscle - right angles to midline

Question 12

oblique

Answer 12

direction of muscle -at non-right angles to mid-line

Question 13

maximus

Answer 13

Relative size of the muscle - large

Question 14

minimus

Answer 14

Relative size of the muscle - small

Question 15

longus

Answer 15

Relative size of the muscle - long

Question 16

brevis

Answer 16

Relative size of the muscle - short

Question 17

examples of muscles that are named after number of origins

Answer 17

Number of origins: biceps (2), triceps (3), quadriceps (4)

Question 18

Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion - example name

Answer 18

sternocleidomastoid has origin on the sternum (sterno) and clavicle (cleido)

Question 19

shape of the muscle example name

Answer 19

deltoid = triangle, trapezius = trapezoid

Question 20

action of the muscle names

Answer 20

all adductor muscles adduct

Question 21

adduction

Answer 21

moving towards the body

Question 22

abduction

Answer 22

moving away from the body

Question 23

flexion

Answer 23

bending, decrease the angle between two body parts

Question 24

extension

Answer 24

straightening, increasing the angle between two body parts

Question 25

protraction

Answer 25

moving a part forward from its base

Question 26

retraction

Answer 26

pulling it back

Question 27

pronation

Answer 27

rotational movement in anatomy that describes the inward rotation of a limb or body part (think palm - faces backward)

Question 28

supination

Answer 28

a rotational movement of the forearm and foot that turns the palm of the hand or sole of the foot upward.

Question 29

dorsal flexion

Answer 29

foot goes up

Question 30

plantar flexion

Answer 30

foot goes down

Question 31

eversion

Answer 31

roll the outer side of the foot inward

Question 32

inversion

Answer 32

roll the inner side of the foot outward

Question 33

what is dense regular connective tissue, and give examples

Answer 33

Parallel arrangement of fibers, predominantly collagenous: Tendon (most common/obvious), Ligaments, Aponeuroses

Question 34

example of elastic ligament

Answer 34

ligamentum flava (of vertebrae)

Question 35

how do amphibian and reptile axial muscles differ

Answer 35

reptile axial muscles are more complex, and there are greater amounts