Lab 8: Reproductive Pathologies Flashcards by Hannah Brule

This is the lateral side of the penis
What condition is this?

Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)

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What is the causative agent of this condition?

HPV 6 or 11

condyloma acuminatum

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Is this benign or malignant?

Benign

condyloma acuminatum

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There are nuclei throughout the entire lesion with absence of the stratum corneum
What condition is this?

Condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)

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What is the term for the hyperchromatic cells near the surface?

Koilocytes

condyloma acuminatum

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What condition is this?

(Massive) varicocele

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What is dilated in this condition?

Pampiniform plexus of veins

varicocele

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This condition is a common cause of…

oligospermia, infertility

varicocele

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This condition raises risk for what malignancy?

Renal cell carcinoma

varicocele

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What condition is this?

Inguinal hernia

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How might this cause infertility in males?

Loops of intestine and/or abdominal fat may compress the ductus deferens, decreasing fertility

inguinal hernia

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Male patient suddenly experiences severe scrotal pain
What condition is this?

Testicular torsion

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How does this condition present?

Sudden excruciating pain; one testis may hang higher than the other

testicular torsion

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What is the common etiology of this condition?

Congenital failure of the testes to attach to the inner lining of the scrotum via the processus vaginalis

testicular torsion

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What tissue is this?

Normal glandular composition of prostate

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What is displayed in pane A?

Normal prostate

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What is displayed in pane B?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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What is displayed in pane C?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia histology

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What is the clinical presentation of the condition in pane B?

Decreased vigor or urinary stream and increasing urinary frequency

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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What are the physical findings of the condition in pane B?

Firm, enlarged, nodular prostate

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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Why would the prostate enlarge this way with age?

Exposure to active androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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This is a prostate
Note the small crowded glands, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromatism, and connective tissue
What condition is this?

Prostate adenocarcinoma

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What are the physical findings in a patient with this condition?

Stony, hard, craggy prostate

prostate adenocarcinoma

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Where will this condition preferentially metastasize?

Lymph nodes and bones (possibly lumbar spine)

prostate adenocarcinoma

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Here is a small, well circumscribed mobile, marble or pea-like mass found in the breast What condition is this?

Fibroadenoma

There is glandular and stromal tissue within the breast Most pathologies of the breast arise from what structure within glandular tissue?

Terminal duct lobular unit

What is the general palpable feel of this condition?

Firm, smooth, rubbery, and round | fibroadenoma

What is the typical age of this presentation?

Premenopausal females (tends to resolve after menopause) | fibroadenoma

Is this a painful or painless lesion?

Generally painless | fibroadenoma

This is a histological slide of breast tissue Note the cysts, hyperplastic glands, and fibrosis What condition is this?

Fibrocystic change

What is the typical age of this presentation?

Women between 30 and 50 years old | fibrocystic change

What is the palpatory feel of this condition?

Irregular breast tissue with "lumpy, bumpy" feel | fibrocystic change

Is this a painful or painless lesion?

Typically painful | fibrocystic change

# breast cancer ___% of preinvasive cancers are in situ ___% of cancers are invasive

**25%** of preinvasive cancers are in situ **75%** of cancers are invasive

# breast cancer 25% of preinvasive cancer are in situ, 80% of which are ___ and 20% are ___

80% are **ductal** 20% are **lobular**

# breast cancer 75% of cancers are invasive, 80% of which are ___ and 20% are ___

80% are **ductal** 20% are **lobular**

A malignant proliferation of cells with in a breast duct is evident with no invasion of the basement membrane What condition is this?

Ductal carcinoma in situ

# breast cancer What marks the difference between ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma?

Invasion of the basement membrane

Mammography of this condition may reveal ___

calcifications (which could be biopsied to determine malignancy) | ductal carcinoma in situ

Note the ill-defined margins of this condition with irregular cords and nests of neoplastic cells invading stroma What condition is this?

Invasive ductal carcinoma

What is another name for this condition? | invasive ductal carcinoma

Schirrous carcinoma due to hard and craggy feel to lesion

What is the term for the eosinophilic connective tissue bands that separate these cords of neoplastic cells invading the stroma?

Connective tissue response: desmoplasia | invasive ductal carcinoma

What is the palpatory feel of this condition?

Harder feel, most likely to be detected on self breast exam | invasive ductal carcinoma

This is a histological slide of breast tissue What condition is this?

Invasive ductal carcinoma

What condition is this?

Paget's disease of the breast

What is this condition typically associated with?

Deeper invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma | Paget's disease of the breast

What are some risk factors associated with cervical cancer?

* Smoking * HPV infection * HIV/AIDS * Oral contraceptives * Family history

Note the single layer of hyperchromatic cells atop the basement membrane, and the most superficial layers of cells being compact and flattened What is this a biopsy of?

Normal cervical epithelium

Note how the epithelium is composed of cells that are hyperchromatic for approximately ½ of the thickness of the epithelium, while superficial layers remain squamous What condition is this?

Moderate cervical dysplasia

Note that all layers of the cervix are hyperchromatic, but the basement membrane is intact What condition is this?

Carcinoma in situ of cervix

Note that the basement membrane has been breached What condition is this?

Microinvasive carcinoma of cervix

What condition is this?

Teratoma (cystic tumor derived from all embryologic layers)

What condition is this?

Follicular cysts

What age group is most affected by this condition?

Females in child bearing years | follicular cysts

What is this condition?

Chocolate cyst (endometriosis present)

How does this lesion form?

Common site of involvement for endometriosis is the ovary In this case, there is hemorrhage in the ovary turning it a dark brown color | chocolate cyst

Patient presents with extreme pain in right lower quadrant of abdomen. She reports being sexually active and tests positive for pregnancy. What is the immediate differential?