Lab 9 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
What’s the number one cause of death for men and women in the US
A
Cardiovascular disease
2
Q
What is elevated blood pressure at rest called
A
Hypertension
130/80
3
Q
The period Of time from the end of one heartbeat through the end of the next beat is called
A
Cardiac cycle
4
Q
The number of beats per minute is called
A
Heart rate or pulse rate
5
Q
The time when heart rate is contracting is called
A
Systole
6
Q
The time when cardiac muscles relax is called
A
Diastole
7
Q
The amount of blood pumped I left ventricle during one contraction is
A
Stroke volume.
8
Q
The amount of blood pumped by left ventricle in one minute is called
A
Cardiac output
CO= HR x SV
9
Q
This portion of the blood circulation carries blood to and from most tissues of the body
A
Systemic circulation
(Left ventricle)
10
Q
This portion of the blood circulation carries blood to and from the lungs
A
Pulmonary circulation
(Right ventricle)
11
Q
The resistance to blood flow that is by arterioles and the smooth muscle cells is called
A
Total peripheral resistance
12
Q
When smooth muscle cells contracts and decrease lumen diameter ______ occurs
A
Vasoconstriction
13
Q
When relaxation of smooth muscle cells widens the lumen diameter _____ occurs
A
Vasodilation
14
Q
This form of blood pressure is measured when the left ventricle is contracting
A
Systolic blood pressure
15
Q
This form of blood pressure is measured when the left ventricle is relaxed and filling
A
Diastolic blood pressure
16
Q
The difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure is called
A
Pulse pressure
(SBP - DBP)
17
Q
Using sound to measure blood pressure is called
A
Auscultation
18
Q
What three measurements are used to assess cardiovascular health
A
Systolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
mean arterial pressure
19
Q
This is used to measure blood pressure?
when taking blood pressure
A
Sphygmomanometer
(BP cuff)
20
Q
This is used for listening for the sounds of blood pressure?
A
Stethoscope
21
Q
A stethoscope that uses both ears is called
A
Binaural
22
Q
To palpitate means to
A
Touch
23
Q
The first sound while measuring blood pressure is used to identify which type of blood pressure
A
Systolic
24
Q
The disappearance of sound is used to identify what kind of blood pressure
A
Diastolic
25
The sounds one listens for while measuring blood pressure are called?
Korotkoff sounds
26
The blood that starts to pass through the partial compression squeezes through to swirl around.
This swirling is called?
Turbulent flow
27
When blood flow returns to normal this free flow is called what while measuring blood pressure
Laminar flow
28
Sound is only heard when there is _____ flow
Turbulent
29
The first phase of korotkov sounds represents (high or low) pressure in artery
High (systolic BP)
30
The fifth phase of korotkov sounds is marked by _____ and represents _____ blood pressure
Loss of sound
Diastolic blood pressure
31
Korotkoff sounds
First phase represents
First sound heard while measuring bp
systolic blood pressure
32
Korotkoff sounds
Second phase represents
Sound gets longer (dragged out) described as murmur
33
Korotkoff sounds
third phase represents
Sharp tapping sound
louder
34
Korotkoff sounds
Fourth phase represents
Muffled, quiet
35
Korotkoff sounds
Fifth phase represents
Sound disappears
diastolic blood pressure
36
What are the three major factors that affect blood pressure
1) cardiac output
2) total peripheral resistance
3) total blood volume
37
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the site of greatest resistance because they Branch extensively and contain a large proportion of smooth muscle
Arterioles.
38
What are the target cells for altering heart rate (location and type of myocardial cell)
Conducting cells
Of the sinoatrial node
39
What is the neurotransmitter released at the target cells of the sympathetic system
Norepinephrine
40
Which specific receptors are found in the heart for the sympathetic neurotransmitter (norepinephrine)
Beta-1 adrenergic receptors
41
What is the neurotransmitter released at the target cells of the parasympathetic system
Acetylcholine
42
What specific receptors are found in the heart for the parasympathetic neurotransmitter (acetylcholine)
Muscarinic receptors
43
What are the target cells for altering stroke volume (location and type of myocardial cell)
Contractile cells of the left ventricle
44
What type of adrenergic receptor is found on arterioles that will stimulate smooth muscle contraction and vessel constriction
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
45
What type of signal molecule is norepinephrine and where does it come from
Neurotransmitter
Released from a sympathetic neuron
Synthesized from tyrosine
46
What type of adrenergic receptor is found on arterioles that will stimulate smooth muscle relaxation and vessel dilation
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors
47
What signal molecule is most likely going to binds to and activate a beta-2 adrenergic receptors?
Epinephrine
48
What type of signal molecule is epinephrine and where does it come from?
Neurohormone
Produced by adrenal medulla (chromaffin Cells)
49
What is the primary effect of sympathetic system on arterioles
Vasoconstriction
| ( increase on TPR; increase BP )
50
What is the primary integrating center for regulating the cardiovascular system
Medulla oblongata
51
High blood pressure is called
Hypertension
52
The force of blood against the inside of blood vessel walls is known as
Blood pressure
53
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ blood pressure is the maximum pressure in an artery during ventricular contraction
Systolic
54
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ blood pressure is the minimum pressure in an artery during ventricular relaxation
Diastolic
55
Chronically low blood pressure is called what?
what is the BP reading?
Hypotension
(90 / 60)
56
Remember from simulation for taking blood:
pressure no sound =
First sound heard =
No sound heard at end =
Artery closed (from cuff)
Systole (artery opening)
Diastole (artery fully open)
57
Why does blood pressure increase with exercise and then lower after 5 minutes
Increase blood pressure during exercise is to give adequate blood supply to tissues
When exercise is over oxygen demand decreases
58
What happens to a person's blood pressure when they go from standing to lying down
Blood pressure decreases when laying down
59
Is there an expected difference in pulse rate at the brachial artery in standing versus standing after exercise
Yes
Heart rate is elevated after exercise
Brings blood to tissues
60
List three physiological stimuli that trigger a change in heart rate
1. change in oxygen levels
2. change in Blood Pressure levels
3. change in Carbon Dioxide levels
61
State the following for parasympathetic blood pressure
Signal molecule
Target cells
Receptor
Transduction
Effect on blood pressure
- Acetylcholine
- Conducting cells of the sinoatrial node
- Muscarinic receptor
- G protein-coupled receptor
- decrease CO2, decrease heart rate, decrease stroke volume = decrease blood pressure
62
State the following for sympathetic effect on blood pressure
Signal molecule
Target cells
Receptor
Transduction
Effect on blood pressure
- Norepinephrine
- conducting cells of the sinoatrial node
- beta-1 adrenergic receptors
- g protein-coupled receptor
- increase carbon dioxide increase heart rate increase stroke volume = increase blood pressure
63
Will systolic blood pressure be highest during sitting standing or after exercise and why
Highest after exercise
Due to increase of blood to tissues
64
When is a pulse felt
During systole contraction of ventricles
65
A pulse palpitated with in front of the elbow (antecubital region)
Brachial artery
66
A pulse palpitated within the inside of the neck (cervical)
Common carotid artery
67
A pulse palpitated on top of the foot (dorsum of foot)
Dorsalis pedis artery
68
A pulse rate palpitated within the groin (inguinal region)
Femoral artery
69
A pulse palpitated within the back of the knee (popliteal region)
Popliteal artery
70
A pulse palpitated between medial side of ankle and achilles
Posterior tibial artery
71
The Right Ventricle pumps blood into what circuit?
Pulmonary Circuit (Right Ventricle)
72
The Left Ventricle directs blood into what circuit?
Systemic Circuit (Left Ventricle)
73
What Ventricle has to perform more work to pump blood further?
Left Ventricle
74
Blood Pressure is measured in one of the Systemic Arteries, which one?
Brachial Artery
75
As Heart Disease develops which Ventricle is negatively affected?
Left Ventricle
76
What are the units that are measured in Blood Pressure?
Millimeters of Mercury (mmHg)
77
To determine the average pressure the vessel faces overtime, what type of pressure will be calculated?
Mean Arterial Pressure
{ MAP=DBP + 1/3 (SBP-DBP) }
78
The 1st sound is used to identify what when taking BP?
Systolic BP
79
Once sound disappears
the disappearance of the sound is used to identify the 2nd sound, what is it?
Diastolic BP
80
What are the 3 major factors affecting Blood Pressure?
Cardio Out
Total Peripheral Resistance
Total Blood Volume
81
Total Blood Volume is?
Is the total amount of blood in the Cardiovascular System
82
The Lower the Total Blood Volume you have,
the (higher or Lower) the pressure is ?
Lower the pressure is
83
As Cardiac Output increases, your BP will \_\_\_\_\_,
| (increase or decrease)
increase C.O. leads to increased BP
84
Total Peripheral Resistance
Is the opposition the blood faces as it moves through blood vessels.
85
\_\_\_\_\_\_ are also very important in the Regulation of Blood Flow through the body.
Arterioles
86
C.O. and TPR are heavily influenced by the\_\_\_ ____ System.
Autonomic Nervous System
87
Beta 2 Adrenergic Receptors will stimulate what to happen?
Vasodilation of some blood vessels
around skeletal muscle, Heart, Liver
( it has a minor effect on TPR.)
88
What happens in Flight or Fight?
Increase BP
Increase C.O.
Increase TPR
89
What happens in Rest in Digest?
Decrease C.O.
Decrease TPR
Decrease BP
90
Parasympathetic has No influence on Stroke Volume and little on Arterioles and TPR, so what happens to create decrease SV & decrease TPR?
Reduction in Sympathetic Input
91
with Family History of Hypertension, ones SBP should be less than what?
140 mmHg
92
What happens during exercising?
**Increase BP** - to allow more blood flow to the tissues.
**Increase CO2**. - levels- this triggers a response from conducting cells at the SA Node to contract faster
increase Heart rate.
**Increase O2.** - levels will this triggers a response from conducting cells at the SA Node to contract faster
**Increase Heart rate** to allow more Oxygen to be delivered to the tissues.
93
What are the Functions of Blood?
1. Transport: O2 & CO2 waste products (UREA & LACTIC ACID)
2. Blood Cells: WBC & RBC
3. Plasma Proteins: Fibrogen, Albumins, Globulin
4. Regulates: Body Temp, Ph, Fluid, Electrolytes
5. Protects: WBC protect against infection
94
What type of pressure is the maxium pressure inthe artery during Ventricular contraction?
Systolic Pressure
95
What type of minimum pressure is in an artery during Ventricular relaxation?
Diastolic Pressure
96
Adequate Blood Pressure being maintained for proper Blood Flow to tissues is called what?
Tissue Perfusion
97
Chronically Elavated Blood Pressure is called what? What is the reading of BP?
Hypertension
130/80
98
The measurement ___ is the force applied by blood against the walls of the arteries?
Blood Pressure
