Lab 9

Question 1

Only one plane of bisection produces left and right mirror image halves

Answer 1

Bilaterally symmetric

Question 2

A characteristic of bilateral organisms is that the bost is polarized along two perpendicular axes the _____ axis and the ____ axis

Answer 2

anterior-posterior (head-tail)

dorsal-ventral (back-belly)

Question 3

Flatworms are in phylum

Answer 3

Platyhelmithes

Question 4

Roundworms are in phylum

Answer 4

Nematoda

Question 5

Segmented worms are in phylum

Answer 5

Annelida

Question 6

The tissue that gives rise to the covering of the animal

Answer 6

ectoderm

Question 7

Gives tise to the lining of the digestive tract

Answer 7

endoderm

Question 8

Forms the muscles and most other organs between the gut and outer covering

Answer 8

Mesoderm

Question 9

Flatworms lack an internal body cavity, apart from an incomplete digestive tract and as such are referred to as

Answer 9

acoelomates

Question 10

Roundworms have a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm. This type of body cavity is referred to as

Answer 10

pseudocoel

Question 11

Annelids have a body cavity that develops entirely within the mesodermal layer. Their body cavity is referred to as a

Answer 11

true coelom

Question 12

Animals with a true coelom including mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods, and chordates are called

Answer 12

coelomates

Question 13

The cavity in the endoderm is called the

Answer 13

alimentary canal

Question 14

A body cavity can also serve as a ___ particularly in soft-bodied worms like nematodes and annelids.

Answer 14

hydrostatic skeleton

Question 15

Uses muscular contractions to displace fluid within a cavity, thereby exerting force and changing the shape of the cavity

Answer 15

hydrostatic skeleton

Question 16

Flatworms exhibit ___ and a level of complexity that exceeds that found in Radiata and Porifera

Answer 16

cephalization

Question 17

Flatworms lack a circulatory system and thus are ____ with respect to transportation of nutrients and oxygen

Answer 17

diffusion-limited

Question 18

Individuals in most species of flatworms are ___ they have male and female structures

Answer 18

monoecious/hermaphroditic

Question 19

Many flatworms are ___ living within the bodies of other animals. Some examples mentioned ___

Answer 19

Parasitic

FLukes and tapeworms

Question 20

____ flatworms feed on small animal and organic debris such as class Turbellaria

Answer 20

Free-living

Question 21

Free living flatworms found in marine environments

Answer 21

Turbellarians

Question 22

A flatworm commonly known as planaria, is found in freshwater, what we looked at in lab.

Answer 22

Dugesia

Question 23

The head of the Dugesia flatworm has lateral lobes and light-sensitive ____

Answer 23

eyespots

Question 24

How does the Dugesia flatworm move

Answer 24

cilia on their ventral surface and muscle contractions

Question 25

Also known as flukes, parasitize vertebrates, including humans. Can exist as endoparasites or ectoparasites

Answer 25

Trematodes

Question 26

The life cycle of Trematodes is complex. The first intermediate host is typically a ____ If a second intermediate host is involved it is usually a(n) _____. A ___ is always the final or definitive host.

Answer 26

Snail Arthropod or fish vertebrate

Question 27

General life cycle of Trematoda

Answer 27

Zygote, miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria, metacercaria, adult

Question 28

Fasciola commonly known as ____ sucks blood a, mucus, and cells from infected sheep and cattle.

Answer 28

Sheep liver fluke

Question 29

The primary jobs of any parasite is

Answer 29

to take up nutrients and produce tons of eggs

Question 30

O. sinensis Infection in humans may result from consumption of raw or undercooked fish. Heavy infection may cause cirrhosis of the liver and death

Answer 30

Oriental liver fluke

Question 31

Schistosoma aka ____ inhabits the intestinal veins and other organs of their host causing enlargement of the spleen, liver, and bladder as well as bleeding ulcers and an overall nutrient deficiency.

Answer 31

Human blood fluke

Question 32

The most evolutionarily derived flatworm taxa. Also known as tapeworms.

Answer 32

Class Cestoda | Phylum platyhelminthes,

Question 33

The ribbon-like body of tapeworms is divided into an anterior ____ which has hooks and suckers for attachment, a narrow neck where growth initiates, and a chain of serially repeating segments called ____

Answer 33

scolex | proglottids

Question 34

The most abundant and diverse animal taxa.

Answer 34

Nematodes

Question 35

The nematode body plan is simple. A body cavity known as a ___ occupies the space between the body wall musculature and the gut

Answer 35

pseudocoel

Question 36

Most nematodes move ___ and ___ using sinuous, eel-like undulations produced by alternating contractions of dorsal and ventral longitudinal muscles.

Answer 36

forward and backward

Question 37

Turbatrix, aka ____ is a free living nematode that feeds on bacteria and yeast in dead organic matter. Able to live in acidic environments

Answer 37

The vinegar eel

Question 38

Ascaris aka ____ infects humans and is spread through feces. Moderate infections lead to malnutrition while heavy infections may result in intestinal blockages.

Answer 38

Intestinal ROundworm (dissected in lab)

Question 39

The smallest nematode parasites of humans, rodents, and other carnivorous animals. Causes the disease trichinosis. Lives in the host's intestinal wall, is viviarousand its juveniles are carried by the blood to skeletal muscles where they encyst.

Answer 39

Trichinella spiralis

Question 40

Other parasitic nematodes include the ___ Necator (causes anemia), and the ___ Enterobius (found in the intestines of children).

Answer 40

Hookworms | Pinworms

Question 41

____ inhabit the lymph glands and other tissues of vertebrates usually birds and mammals.

Answer 41

Filarial worms

Question 42

____ can cause elephantiasis

Answer 42

Wuchereria

Question 43

Dirofilaria aka ___ infects the heart and pulmonary tissues of dogs

Answer 43

Heart worm

Question 44

Diversification in annelids evolved in conjunction with ___ the construction of a body from a series of modular sections

Answer 44

Segmentation

Question 45

An advantage of a segmented body is that the development and function of individual units an be more ___

Answer 45

precisely controlled

Question 46

Segmentation also allows for an improved ___ because the coelomic cavity is divided into fluid-filled compartments that can be controlled

Answer 46

hydrostatic skeleton

Question 47

To move annelids contract ___ and _____

Answer 47

circular muscles and longitudinal muscles

Question 48

Annelids also have a ___ that carries blood from one segment to another

Answer 48

closed circulatory system

Question 49

In Annelids a ___ connects ganglia in each segment with one another and with the regions that are specialized for different functions

Answer 49

ventral nerve cord

Question 50

Class ___ exhibit a stunning array of forms. Found exclusively in marine environments

Answer 50

Polychaeta

Question 51

A defining feature polychaetes is that each segment of the body has a pair of ____

Answer 51

Parapodia

Question 52

Fleshy lateral outgrowths of the body wall that are typically used for locomotion

Answer 52

Parapodia

Question 53

Projecting from the parapodia are many small bristles called ___ which serve to anchor the animal during locomotion

Answer 53

setae

Question 54

The class containing earthworms and leeches

Answer 54

Class Clitellata

Question 55

Contribute to the decomposition of organic matter and the aeration and enrichment of soil

Answer 55

Earthworm | Oligochaeta

Question 56

The crop of the Earthworm is used for ___ the gizzard is used for grinding

Answer 56

food storage

Question 57

The ___ is a series of swollen segments used for reproduction

Answer 57

clittelum

Question 58

Sperm of the Oligochaetes is produced in ____ and accepted in

Answer 58

seminal vesicles | seminal receptacles

Question 59

Hirudinea aka ___ are blood suckers but also feed on other small invertebrates. Is dorsoventrally flat. Secretes anticoagulants. Have a clitellum that is only obvious during reproduction

Answer 59

Leeches