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Lab Animal Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the most common diseases/conditions of mice?

A
  • Sendai virus
  • Mouse hepatitis virus
  • bite wounds
  • hair loss from friction or barbering
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2
Q

What causes the sendai virus of the mouse?

A

Parainfluenza type 1

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3
Q

What is the most common respiratory disease of the mouse?

A

Sendai virus

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4
Q

What are the clinical signs of sendai virus of the mouse?

A
  • Hunched posture
  • Ruffled fir
  • Dyspnea
  • Teeth chattering
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5
Q

What causes the mouse hepatitis virus?

A

Coronovirus

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6
Q

What is the most common viral disease of the mouse?

A

Hepatitis virus because it is highly contagious and it is both a enteric disease and a respiratory disease

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7
Q

How do you treat hepatitis virus of the mouse?

A

Cease breeding for 4 weeks to allow time for the mice to eliminate the virus

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8
Q

What bacteria may be found in infected mice bite wounds?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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9
Q

What are the most common diseases of the rat?

A
  • Mycoplasm pulmonis
  • Sialodacryoadentitis virus
  • Neoplasia
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10
Q

What are the most common conditions of the rat?

A
  • Chromodacryorrhea
  • Chronic progressive glommerulonephropathy
  • Malocclusion
  • Ringtail
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11
Q

What is the most common respiratory pathogen of the rat?

A

Mycoplasm pulmonis

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12
Q

How is mycoplasm pulmonis transmitted between rats?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Intrauterine
  • Sexual transmission
  • Aerosol
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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of mycoplasm pulmonis of the rat?

A
  • Labored breathing
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy
  • Hunched posture
  • Rough hair coat
  • Otits interna
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14
Q

Will antibiotics help treat mycoplasm pulmonis of the rat?

A

Antibiotics will suppress infection, but not eliminate it

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15
Q

What is sialodacryoadentitis virus of the rat?

A

A gram positive bacteria infection that is highly contagious and causes inflammation of he salivary and lacrimal glands

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of sialodacryoadentitis virus of the rat?

A
  • Eye squinting
  • Swelling of the ventral cervical region and jaw
  • Protrusion of the eye
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17
Q

How is sialodacryoadentits virus of the rat treated?

A

It does not need to be treated as it will resolve itself on its own within 10-14 days; reinfected animals may be subclinical but still shed virus

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18
Q

What kind of neoplasias can rat get?

A
  • Mammary tumors
  • Keratoancanthomas
  • Large granular lymphocytic leukemia
  • Pituitary adenomas
  • Zymbal’s gland tumors
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19
Q

What is chromodacryorrhea in the rat?

A

Excessive red tears due to the porphyrin in their system

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20
Q

What is the most common disease of gerbil?

A

Tyzzer’s disease

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21
Q

What is tyzzer’s disease caused by?

A

Clostridium piliforme

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22
Q

How is tyzzer’s disease transmitted?

A

Through fecal and oral transmission

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23
Q

At what age are gerbils most susceptible to tyzzer’s disease?

A

Weanlings, and the mortality rate is very high in gerbils 3-7 weeks of age

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24
Q

What are the contributing factors to tyzzer’s disease?

A

Poor sanitation and stress

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25
What are the clinical signs of tyzzer's disease?
- Ruff hair coat - Lethargy - Diarrhea - Anorexia - Death within 1-3 days
26
Can tyzzer's disease be treated?
Treatment may help suppress infection, but not cure it because spores will survive in the environment for prolonged periods of time
27
What are the most common conditions of gerbils?
- Nasal dermatitis - Degloving of the tail - Epileptiform seizures
28
What is antibiotic associated entercolitis of the hamster?
GI infection caused by the animal received any of the PLACE or VGC drugs
29
What are the PLACE drugs that should not be administered to lab animals?
- Penicillian - Lincomycin - Amplicillin/Amoxicillin - Clindamycin - Erythromycin
30
What are the VGC drugs that should not be administered to a hamster?
- Vancomycin - Cephalosporins - Gentamicin
31
What are the clinical signs of antibiotic associated entercolitis?
- Ruffled hair - Anorexia - Profuse diarrhea - Dehydration - Death within 4-10 days
32
Why is antibiotic associated entercolitis so serious to hamsters?
Because it disrupts the normal flora of the GI tract including the lactobacillus and the bacteroides with Clostridium difficile toxins
33
How can antibiotic associate entercolits be treated in a hamster?
Lactobacillus supplement and supportive care
34
What is the scientific name for wet tail?
Proliferative ileitis
35
What diseases commonly affect the hamster?
- Antibiotic associated entercolitis - Proliferative ileitis aka wet tail - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis aka LCM
36
What are some conditions that commonly affect the hamster?
- Renal amyloidosis in females | - Atrial thrombosis of the left atrium
37
What is wet tail caused by?
Desulfovibio sp
38
At what age are are hamsters most susceptible to wet tail?
3-8 weeks of age
39
How is wet tail transmitted?
Through fecal and oral transmission with stress being the biggest contributing factor
40
What are the clinical signs of wet tail?
- Unkempt hair coat - Anorexia - Moistened peritoneal area - Fetid watery diarrhea - Dehydration - Distended bowl loops - Rectal prolapse - Intussusception
41
What is the natural reservoir of lymphocytic choriomeningitis?
The wild mouse and it is spread through infected saliva, feces or urine
42
Is lymphocytic choriomeningitis zoonotic?
Yes, LCM infected hamsters are the primary source of LCM in humans
43
What are the main diseases/conditions guinea pigs can get?
- Antibiotic toxicity - Malocclusion aka Slobbers - Scurvy - Pregnancy complications
44
What drugs in addition to PLACE medications should a guinea pig never receive?
- Bacitracin | - Dihydrostreptomycin
45
Why is oral, parenteral or topical administration not recommended for guinea pigs?
Because it affects the normal flora of including lactobacillus and streptococcus and causes overgrowth of clostridium difficile and e.coli
46
Which teeth are most likely to malocclude in the guinea pig?
Premolars and rostral molars due to genetic disposition
47
What are the clinical signs of slobbers?
- Ptyalism - Halitosis - Chronic weight loss - Tongue trauma
48
What is scurvy?
When a guinea pig can not convert L-gulonolactone to L-absorbic acid and therefore require a Vitamin C supplement
49
At what dose should a Vitamin C supplement be given to a guinea pig with scruvy?
15-20 mg/kg
50
What are the clinical signs of scurvy?
- Reluctance to move due to sore joints - Unkempt appearance - Swollen joints - Diarrhea
51
What pregnancy complications are guinea pigs susceptible to?
- Dystocia | - Pregnancy toxemia aka ketosis
52
What diseases are rabbits prone to?
- Pasteurella multocida aka snuffles - Enterotoxemia - Mucoid enteropathy - Venereal spirocetosis aka syphillis aka vent disease - Ear mites - Protazoa - Coccidiosis - Uterine Adenocarcinoma
53
What conditions are rabbits prone to?
- Fracture or luxation of L7-S1 - Hair balls aka trichobezoars - Ketosis - Malocclusion - Splay leg - Ulcerative pododermatitis aka sore hock
54
What is the most common disease of the rabbit?
Pasteurella multocida aka snuffles and is harbored in the nasal passages and tympanic bullae and can eventually affect the reproductive tract
55
What can otitis interna in the rabbit lead to?
Torticollis aka wry neck
56
How can Pasteurella multocida in the rabbit be controlled?
- Quarantine incoming animals - Eliminate environmental stressors - Isolation/culling of affected individuals - Medicated feed
57
What should be used to treat enterotoxemia in a rabbit?
Cholestryramine to absorb PLACE drug toxins
58
What age rabbits are effected most by mucoid enteropathy?
Young rabbits 7-10 weeks of age
59
What are the clinical signs of mucoid enteropathy?
- Abdominal distention - Sloshing sounds in the intestines - Hunching position - Depression - Polydipsia - Anorexia - Hypothermia - Constipation followed by diarrhea
60
What is rabbit venereal spirocetosis caused by?
Treponema cuniculi
61
What causes protazoa in rabbits?
Encephalitiozoon cuniculi shed in urine and ingested and can be transmitted from mother to offspring
62
How can coccidiosis in rabbits be prevented?
- Strict cleaning and disinfection - Use of wire hanging cages - Medicated food and water - Culling of infected animals
63
What is the most common neoplasm of rabbits?
Uterine adenocarcinoma in does 5 years and older if not spayed

Lab Animal (12 decks)

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