Lab Animal Lab Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
What is anesthesia?
A
A state of unconsciousness induced in an animal
2
Q
What are the 3 goals of anesthesia?
A
Analgesia for pain relief, immobilization, and amnesia
3
Q
How many stages of anesthesia are there?
A
4
4
Q
How many planes are involved in stage 3 of anesthesia?
A
4
5
Q
What happens during Stage I of anesthesia?
A
Amnesia and analgesia
6
Q
What happens during Stage II of anesthesia?
A
Delirium and lack of inhibition
7
Q
What happens during Stage III of anesthesia?
A
Surgical anesthesia: characterized by progressive depression of respiration, circulation, reflexes, and muscle tone
8
Q
What happens during Stage IV of anesthesia?
A
Pre-mortem: between apnea and circulatory collapse
9
Q
What happens at Plane 1 of Stage III?
A
The animal is under light surgical anesthesia
10
Q
What happens at Plane 2 of Stage III?
A
The animal is under moderate surgical anesthesia; good for spays/neuters
11
Q
What happens at Plane 3 of Stage III?
A
The animal is under deep surgical anesthesia; appropriate for more invasive surgeries
12
Q
What happens at Plane 4 of Stage III?
A
The animal is in a deep surgical anesthesia plane; apnea will usually occur and the animal will have to be ventilated
13
Q
What are some general considerations to consider?
A
If the species is used extensively or rarely, the different anatomy and physiology, if it is a dangerous or free-ranging species, and the size vs the metabolism of the animal
14
Q
Why is the animal’s metabolism important with anesthesia?
A
The smaller the animal, the faster the metabolism, you need to consider when deciding what drugs to use and how fast they are eliminated from the body
15
Q
What factors can not be assessed at a distance?
A
- Nutrition
- Disease
- Infection (zoonotic)
- Parasitic load
- Estrus
- Pregnancy
- Lactation
16
Q
What techniques should be used for anesthesia?
A
Accurate body weight, minimize stress, withhold feed, intubation, maintain body temperature, IV catheters, IV fluids, cardiovascular function, monitor reflexes and muscle tone
17
Q
How long should food be withheld for a cat or larger?
A
12 hours
18
Q
How long should food be withheld in small animals?
A
2 hours
19
Q
Is it necessary for food to be withheld from rodents?
A
No
20
Q
Why is it not recommended to intubate a rabbit?
A
Because of a disease called ileus
21
Q
Should mice and rats be intubated?
A
No because they are too small
22
Q
How much volume does an animal lose during anesthesia that should be replaced?
A
3x their body weight
23
Q
What routes can fluids be given?
A
IV, IP, SQ
24
Q
At what size can you use the prepared concentration of a medication?
A
The size of a rabbit
25
What should you consider anesthetically with a rabbit?
They are easily frightened, difficult to intubate, and in dorsal recumbency, their abdominal viscera may interfere with their diaphragm movement and venous return
26
What should you consider anesthetically with a guinea pig?
They are difficult to intubate due to pharyngeal anatomy, their soft pallete is continuous with the base of the tongue so the glottis can not be visualized (palatal ostium), they also have a large cecum which contains 65% of their GI contents in addition to storing food in their mouths
27
What should you consider anesthetically with a hamster?
They hold food in their cheeks and tend to bite
28
What should you consider anesthetically with a zebra?
They are equines, but don't always use the same doses as domestic equines for anesthesia
29
What should you remember for mouse ear notching?
- Holes, notches, double notches
| - Top, middle, bottom
30
In what order do you notch mouse ears?
- Right ear starts with holes 1, 2, 3; left ear starts with holes 10, 20, 30
- Right ear notch 4, 5, 6; left ear notch 40, 50, 60
- Right ear double notch 7, 8, 9; left ear double notch 70, 80, 90
- Right ear middle hole = 100; left ear middle hole = 200
31
What number can mouse ear notches go up to?
399
32
Where would you place a microchip on a dog or a cat?
Subcutaneous on the dorsal midline, just cranial to the scapulae
33
Where would you place a microchip on a horse?
In the nuchal ligament, halfway between the ears and the withers
34
Where would you place a microchip on an agricultural animal?
Subcutaneous at the base of the left ear
35
In regards to solutions...
| 1% = how many grams per 100 mL?
1 g/100 mL
36
In regards to solutions...
| 1% = how many milligrams per 100 mL?
10 mg /100 mL
37
What is the formula for dosage calculations?
Weight (kg) x dose/concentration = dosage
38
What reflex should an animal never lose?
Corneal reflex
39
What type of injection should be avoided on a mouse if possible, and why?
IM, because the sciatic nerve can be lacerated
40
What type of injection isn't recommended for a rabbit, and why?
IP, because the organs are too large and can get in the way
41
What is normal surgical fluid rate?
- Canine = 10 ml/kg/hr for the first hour then 5 ml/kg/hr
| - Feline = 5 ml/kg/hr
42
During anesthesia animals lose the ability to ______ making it hard for them to maintain body heat
Shiver
43
Do (colder/warmer) animals wake up faster from anesthesia?
Warmer
44
What reflexes do we monitor?
Palpebral, corneal, toe pinch
45
How do you check the palpebral reflex?
Gently tap on the medial aspect of the eye, if the animal is still blinking they are too light
46
What cranial nerves are connected with the palpebral reflex?
5 and 7
47
What is a way to check muscle tone?
Jaw tone
48
What cranial nerve is associated with jaw tone?
5
49
If an animal is smaller than a ______ then a drugs concentration should be ________
Rabbit; diluted
50
What are the different types of identification for mice?
- Microchips
- Ear notch/punch
- Tattooing
- Toe clipping
51
For IP injections rodents should be held at a ______ angle and the needle should be at a _____angle
225°/ 45°
52
How can you find percent concentration?
Want/got x need = percent concentration
53
What is the scientific name for the mouse?
Mus musculus
54
What is the scientific name for the rat?
Rattus norvegicus
55
What is the scientific name for the hamster?
Mesocricetus auratus
56
What is the scientific name for the gerbil?
Meriones unguiculatus
57
What is the scientific name for the guinea pig?
Cavia porcellus
58
What is the scientific name for the rabbit?
Oryctologus cuniculus
59
What is the scientific name for the cat?
Felis cattus
60
What is the scientific name for the dog?
Canis familiaris (domesticus)
61
Which animals have a weaning age of 3 weeks?
Mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil and guinea pig
62
What animals have a typical life span of 3 years?
Mouse, rat, hamster and gerbil
63
What animals have a time of ovulation of 8-11 hours?
Mouse and rat, after beginning estrus
64
What animals have a time of ovulation of 8-12 hours
Hamster and gerbil, after beginning estrus
65
What animals have a breeding life of 5-7 years?
Cats and dogs
66
What animals have an estrous cycle that lasts 4-5 days?
Mouse, rat and hamster
67
What animals have a duration of estrus that lasts 9-20 hours?
Mouse and rat
68
What animals are induced ovulators?
Rabbits and cats
69
Which animal ovulates 24-36 hours after mating?
Cats
70
Which animal ovulates 10 hours after mating?
Rabbits
71
What animals have a weaning age of 6-8 weeks?
Cats and dogs
72
What animals have a gestation period of 63 days?
Cats and dogs
73
What animals have a life span of typically 13-17 years?
Cats and dogs
74
Which animals have a breeding life of 1 year?
Rats (6-8 liters) and hamsters
75
What animal has a weaning age of 8 weeks?
Rabbits
76
What animal has a life span of 5-6 years?
Guinea pigs
77
What animal has a life span of 5-10 years?
Rabbits
78
What animal has a time of ovulation of 10 hours?
Guinea pigs, after beginning estrus
79
What animal has a time of ovulation of 3-4 days?
Dogs, after estrus
80
What animal's breeding life is 9 months?
Mouse (6-8 liters)
81
What animal has a breeding life of 1-2 years?
Gerbil
82
What animal has a breeding life of 4-5 years?
Guinea pigs, for males
83
What animal has a breeding life of 2-3 years?
Rabbits
84
What animal has an estrous cycle of 4-7 days?
Gerbil
85
What animal has an estrous cycle of 16 days?
Guinea pigs
86
What animal has an estrous cycle of 4-9 months?
Rabbits
87
What animal has an estrous cycle of 15-21 days?
Cats
88
What animal has an estrous cycle of 180 days?
Dogs (2x per year)
89
What is the adult weight of a mouse?
20-63 g
90
What is the adult weight of a rat?
225-500 g
91
What is the adult weight of a hamster?
87-130 g
92
What is the adult weight of a gerbil?
46-131 g
93
What is the adult weight of a guinea pig?
850-1200 g
94
What is the adult weight of a rabbit?
2-6 kg
95
What is the adult weight of a cat?
2-4 kg
96
What is the adult weight of a dog?
13-18 kg
97
What is the birthweight of a mouse?
1.5 g
98
What is the birthweight of a rat?
5 g
99
What is the birthweight of a hamster?
2 g
100
What is the birthweight of a gerbil?
3 g
101
What is the birthweight of a guinea pig?
100 g
102
What is the birthweight of a rabbit?
30-80 g
103
What is the birthweight of a cat?
125 g
104
What is the birthweight of a dog?
350-450 g
105
What is the breeding age of a mouse?
2 months minimum
106
What is the breeding age of a rat?
3 months minimum
107
What is the breeding age of a hamster?
2-2.5 months minimum
108
What is the breeding age of a gerbil?
2.5-3 months minimum
109
What is the breeding age of a guinea pig?
3-5 months maximum for females
110
What is the breeding age of a rabbit?
4.5-12 months
111
What is the breeding age of a cat?
7-9 months for females; 9-12 months for males
112
What is the breeding age of a dog?
8-10 months for females; 9-11 months for males
113
What is the duration of estrus for a hamster?
4-23 hours
114
What is the duration of estrus for a gerbil?
24 hours
115
What is the duration of estrus for a guinea pig?
6-11 hours
116
What is the duration of estrus for a rabbit?
4-17 hours receptive
117
What is the duration of estrus for a cat?
4 days with a male present, 9 days without a male present
118
What is the duration of estrus for a dog?
3-21 days (9 being the average)
119
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the mouse?
14-28 hours
120
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the rat?
Within 24 hours
121
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the hamster?
1-8 days
122
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the gerbil?
Within a few hours
123
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the guinea pig?
2-10 hours
124
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the rabbit?
35 days
125
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the cat?
4-6 weeks after kittens have weaned
126
What is the duration of postpartum estrus for the dog?
Not until the next breeding season
127
What is the gestation period for the mouse?
19 days
128
What is the gestation period for the rat?
22 days
129
What is the gestation period for the hamster?
16 days
130
What is the gestation period for the gerbil?
25 days
131
What is the gestation period for the guinea pig?
68 days
132
What is the gestation period for the rabbit?
32 days
133
How big is the typical litter of the mouse?
10-12 pups
134
How big is the typical litter of the rat?
6-12 pups
135
How big is the typical litter of the hamster?
5-10 pups
136
How big is the typical litter of the gerbil?
3-8 pups
137
How big is the typical litter of the guinea pig?
2-4 pups
138
How big is the typical litter of the rabbit?
4-12 kits
139
How big is the typical litter of the cat?
3-5 kittens
140
How big is the typical litter of the dog?
4-8 puppies
141
Which animals young open their eyes between 12-14 days?
Mouse and dog
142
At what age do the eyes open of the rat?
7-14 days
143
At what age do the eyes open of the hamster?
15 days
144
At what age do the eyes open of the gerbil?
17-18 days
145
At what age do the eyes open of the guinea pig?
At birth (precocious young)
146
At what age do the eyes open of the rabbit?
10 days
147
At what age do the eyes open of the cat?
8-10 days
148
What is the duration of estrus?
The "in heat" of receptive time of breeding
149
What is the time of ovulation?
When the egg is released to be fertilized
150
What is the postpartum estrus of an animal?
The next time an animal can get pregnant
