Lab Assessment of Immune Function Flashcards
(42 cards)
IFN function
glycoprotein that activates Mf
Lysosomes function
attacks bacterial cell walls
Complement function
multiple proteins that undergo a cascade of events that end in cell lysis, opsinization, and inflamm.
How is the classical complement pathway activated?
when IgM or IgG abys bind Ag
How is the lectin complement pathway activated?
Mannose binding protein binds to Ag
How is the alternative complement pathway activated?
does not require the presence of abys or lectines, binds to cell surface, continuously activated at low levels
what does OIL stand for?
The ways in which complement induces cell destruction.
O- opsonization: flags it for Mf so it can be easily seen. “yummy”
I- inflamm: release histamine inc erase blood vessel permeability and attracts phagocytes
Lysis: breakdown destruction of cell membranes, bores holes cause cell leakage
Major goal of complement?
deposit C3 fragment on target.
MAC is made up of which complement proteins?
C3a, C4a, C5
Why do we measure complement?
- recurrent infection w/ normal WBC & no immunosuppression
- to diagnose Auto-antibody-mediated immune syndromes
- to diagnose immune-complex-mediated syndromes (lupus, glomerulonephritis)
What is glomerularnephritis?
would your complement levels be high or low? why?
Ag-aby complexes clump up in the nephrons and shred blood cells—brown urine
low levels because your complement is continually being consumed.
Screening test for classical and alternative pathway?
classical-CH50
alternative- AH50
If you are having recurrent upper respiratory infections which Ig might you be deficient of?
IgA
Difference between CBC w/ DIff and CBC w/ peripheral smear
CBC w/ diff is just the number of counts of each white cell present
Smear- when pathologist looks at the cells instead of a machine
When do you order a CBC w/ peripheral smear?
When CBC w/ Diff are abnormal
Macrocytic vs Microcytic Anermia caused by?
Micro- Iron deficiency
Macro- Folate and B12 deficiency
Neutrophils/Bands
AKA: PMNS
first to arrive
50-60% of total blood cells
arrives within 90mins
phagocytic cell
total neutrophil count will increase during acute inflamm response
Other sources of increased neutrophils:
- stress
- exercise
- steroids (prednisolone)
Bands are horse-shoe shaped less mature neutrophils– if you see these you know infection is really bad
What is a “shift to the left”
bad infection, recruiting (increased) baby neutrophils to help fight infection
-seen in acute appendicitis or cholecystitis
Most infections stimulate neutrophil production, though some decrease their production, what are these?
What meds cause neutropenia?
neutropenia cause by hepatitis, influenza, rubella, rubeola, mumps
meds- TCA and some abx
Increase in eosinophils d/t?
Decrease?
increase- allergy
decrease- corticosteroid drugs
Basophils release what mediators during inflammation?
What are they called in tissues?
heparin, histamine, serotonin
mast cells
What disease may cause increase in basophils?
Decrease?
increase-Hodkins lymphoma, leukemia
decrease- Coritcosteroid drugs, allergic rxns, acute infections
Phagocytic Monocytes produce what antiviral substance?
IFN
*bodys 2nd line of defense
What disease may cause monocystosis (increased monocytes)
TB, malaria, rocky mountain fever, spotted fever, monocyte leukemia, chronic ulcerative colitis
