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MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > LAB BASIC HISTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN OF CELLULAR INJURY > Flashcards

LAB BASIC HISTOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGIC PATTERN OF CELLULAR INJURY Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the study of normal tissues and the arrangement of organs

A

HISTOLOGY

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2
Q

3 Germ Layers

A

Ectoderm-Nervous system, Epidermal Skin Cells
Endoderm- Digestive System and Internal Organs
Mesoderm- Muscle cells and Connective Tissues

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3
Q

It is a group of cells of common origin and common function

A

TISSUE

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4
Q

What are the 4 categories of tissues

A

Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular Tissues
Nervous Tissues

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5
Q

2 types of Epithelial Tissues

A

Covering Epithelia- absence of blood vessels
Glandular Epithelia-

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6
Q

Types of Covering Epithelia

A

Simple- one cell thick
Pseudostratified- appear to be more than one cell thick
Stratified- many layers
Squamous- flattened
Cuboidal- cube like
Columnar- cells are taller than they are wide
Transitional- cells that change their shape when stretched

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7
Q

Where can you found Simple squamous cells

A

Bowman’s capsule
Endothelium of blood vessel
Loop of Henle
Alveoli of lungs

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8
Q

Where can you found simple cuboidal cells

A

Walls of thyroid
Ducts of glands

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9
Q

Where can you found simple columnar cells

A

Gall Bladder- Non Ciliated
Uterine tube- Ciliated

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10
Q

Where can you found Stratified Squamous cells

A

Epidermis (Keratinized)
Vagina (Non-Keratinized)
Esophagus (Non-Keratinized)
Cervix (Non-Keratinized)

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11
Q

Where can you found Stratified Cuboidal cells

A

Sweat Gland Ducts

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12
Q

Where can you found Stratified Columnar cells

A

Male Urethra

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13
Q

Where can you found Stratified Transitional cells

A

Urinary Tract, specifically in the Urinary Bladder

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14
Q

Where can you found Pseudo-stratified cells

A

Female reproductive tract (Non-ciliated)
Trachea (Ciliated)

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15
Q

What are the types of gland under Exocrine

A

Tubular
Acinar/Alveolar
Tubulo-acinar

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16
Q

Where can you found Tubular glands

A

Stomach
Uterus

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17
Q

Where can you found Acinar/Alveolar glands

A

Pancreas
Salivary Glands

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18
Q

Where can you found Tubulo-Acinar glands

A

Prostate
Salivary Glands

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19
Q

Simple Tubular

A

Mucus glands of the colon

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20
Q

Branched Tubular

A

Glands in the Uterus
Stomach

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21
Q

Coiled Tubular

22
Q

Acinar/Alveolar

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A

Small mucous glands around the urethra

23
Q

Branched Acinar

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A

Sebaceous glands

24
Q

Compound Tubular

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A

Submucosal gland in the duodenum

25
Compound Acinar/Alveolar
Pancreas Exocrine
26
Compound Tubuloacinar
Salivary glands
27
Methods of Endocrine secretion of glands
Merocrine- no cytoplasm loss, ex. Goblet cells & sweat glands Apocrine- loss of cytoplasm, ex. Mammary glands in milk secretion Holocrine- complete breakdown of secretory cell, ex. Sebaceous glands
28
Cells are usually widely separated by a large amount of intracellular substance
Connective Tissues
29
General Connective Tissues
Loose Connective Tissues Dense Connective Tissue
30
Loose Connective Tissue
Mucoid tissues: Wharton’s jelly Reticular: Bone marrow, lymph node Mesenchyme: Embryo and fetus Adipose: Hypodermis
31
Dense Connective Tissue
Dermis Capsules of organs Tendons Stroma of cornea
32
Types of Dense Connective Tissue
Regular Irregular
33
Special Connective Tissues
Cartilage Bone Hematopoietic Blood Lymph
34
Types of Cartilage under Special Connective Tissue
Hyaline- Trachea Fibrous- Intervetebral discs Elastic- External ear, epiglottis
35
Types of Bone under Special Connective Tissue
Cancellous/Spongy- Epiphysis or ends of long bones Compact- Diaphysis or shaft of compact bone
36
Types of Hematopoietic tissues under Special Connective Tissue
Myeloid- Boner Marrow Lymphoid- Spleen
37
Types of Hematopoietic tissues under Special Connective Tissue
Myeloid- Boner Marrow Lymphoid- Spleen
38
What are the types of tissues under Muscle Tissue
Smooth- Involuntary, intestinal tracts and blood vessels Striated- Voluntary, skeletal muscles Cardiac- Involuntary, heart w/ striation
39
What are the systems under Nervous System
Central Nervous System- Brain and Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System- Peripheral nerves Special receptors- eye, ear and nose
40
Types of Cellular Injury
Reversible cell injury Cell death
41
It results when cells are stressed so severely that they are no longer able to adapt and is exposed to inherently damaging agents or suffer from intrinsic abnormalities
CELLULAR INJURY
42
Causes of cellular injury
Oxygen deprivation Physical agents Chemical agents and drugs Infectious agents Immunologic reactions Genetic derangements Nutrional imbalances
43
Reduced aerobic oxidative respiration
HYPOXIA
44
Inadequate oxygenation of blood due to cardiorespiratory failure
ISCHEMIA
45
It is the hydropic change or vacuolar degeneration of cells, it is the first manifestation of almost all forms of injury
Cellular Swelling
46
Manifested by the appearance of lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm, dependent on fat metabolism. This is often seen in the liver.
Fatty Change/Steatosis
47
Focal accumulations of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the Lamina Propia of the gall bladder
CHOLESTEROLOSIS
48
Muscle cells and macrophages within the intimal layer of aorta and large arteries are filled with lipid vacuoles
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
49
Intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages
XANTHOMA
50
Alteration within the cells or in the extracellular space that gives a homogenous glassy pink appearance in routine histologic examinations
HYALINE CHANGE
51
It is an insoluble pigment also known as Lipochrome or Wear and Tear
Lipofuscin
52
Melanin is form when __________ catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine in melanocytes
TYROSINASE

MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (13 decks)

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