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MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES > LAB LABORATORY SAFETY, INST AND QM > Flashcards

LAB LABORATORY SAFETY, INST AND QM Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Art of analyzing and interpreting the shapes, sizes and architectural patterns of cells and tissues within a given specific clinical background

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY

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2
Q

Activities under Histopathology

A

PRE ANALYTICAL- before the analysis specimens are prepared in this phase
ANALYTICAL- slide reading of the pathologist
POST ANALYTICAL- Delivery of the reports, disposal and storage of the specimens

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3
Q

Process of ensuring and maintaining personal as well as environmental health and safety in the laboratory

A

RISK MANAGEMENT

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4
Q

What are the steps in risk management

A

Identify the ff hazards
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
BIOLOGICAL

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5
Q

What does SOP stands for?

A

Standard Operating Procedure

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6
Q

What are the common hazards in our laboratory

A

Sharps Hazard, in Histopathology Microtome accident often happens

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7
Q

This person develops a system wherein all incidents and accidents are recorded

A

RISK MANAGER

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8
Q

What should be done for a suspected low quality reagent with poorly labelled tag?

A

Subject for disposal

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9
Q

What does MSDS stand for?

A

Material Safety Data Sheet- all information of the reagents and chemicals

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10
Q

What are the general safety precautions in the laboratory?

A

Protect hands and forearms by wearing PPE
Handwashing before and after lab activities
Involvement of toxic substances will require the need to use fumes hoods
Use forceps for sharps handling
Hand protection for extreme hazardous procedures
Laboratory accidents must be documented and investigated with incident reports and industrial reports

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11
Q

What are the types of Hazards in histopathology?

A

Chemical
Physical
Biological

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12
Q

This type of hazard has a potential exposure to chemicals and reagents

A

Chemical Hazard

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13
Q

Examples of Chemical Hazard

A

Cleaning agents, disinfectant, drugs, anesthetic gases, solvents, paints and compressed gasses

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14
Q

What are the classes of Chemical Hazards

A

Explosives- Picric Acid, Silver solutions
Oxidizers- Sodium Iodate, Mercuric Oxide, Mercuric Acid
Permissible Exposure Limits- limit to the amount of concentration of a substance in the air
Threshold Limit Values/ Recommended Exposure Limits- average airborne concentration of a hazardous material for a healthy person for 8hrs/day or 40hrs/week
Occupational Exposure Limits-

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15
Q

What are the informations needed in labelling Chemical Hazards?

A

Chemical Name
Manufacturer’s name
Date purchased and made
Expiration date
Hazard warnings and safety procedures

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16
Q

What are the different types of Chemicals?

A

Irritants
Corrosive
Sensitizers
Carcinogens
Toxic Materials

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17
Q

It is a type of chemical that may cause reversible inflammatory effects at the site of contact specially skin, eyes and respiratory passages

A

IRRITANTS CHEMICALS

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18
Q

It is a type of chemical that causes destruction or irreversible alterations when exposed to living tissue or destroy certain inanimate surfaces

A

CORROSIVE CHEMICALS
Ex. Nitric Acids, Sulfuric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrogen Peroxide

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19
Q

It is a type of chemical that may occur because of the high exposure level

A

SENSITIZERS CHEMICAL
Ex. Formaldehyde, Latex, Toulene

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20
Q

It is a type of chemical that may cause cancers, induce tumors in both animals and humans

A

CARCINOGENS
Ex. Chloroform, Chromic Acid, Formaldehyde, Nickel Chloride, Potassium Dichromate, Basic Fuchsin, d-amino-Benzidine

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21
Q

It is a type of chemical which is capable of death by ingestion, skin contact or inhalation at a certain specified concentrations

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A

TOXIC MATERIALS
Ex. Methanol, Chromic Acid, Osmium Tetroxide, Uranyl Nitrate

22
Q

This type of hazard is the ergonomic of lifting, pulling, pushing and other repetitive tasks

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A

PHYSICAL HAZARD

23
Q

Slips and Falls are common in what type of hazard?

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A

Physical Hazard

24
Q

These are physical hazard that is often left unnoticed

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A

Electrical, Mechanical, Acoustic and Thermal Hazard

25
This type of hazard can cause disease in humans regardless of the source
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
26
What are the examples of Biological Hazards?
Infectious Agents Contaminated solutions Specimens Objects Allergens Molds Fungi
27
It is the most important health hazard that is often overlooked
ALLERGENS
28
This particular device is used by Pathologist and Histotechnologist for viewing of specimens
MICROSCOPE
29
_______________ is the one who examines and identifies the disease under the microscope
PATHOLOGIST
30
_______________________ examines the same slide microscopically for quality control to determine whether all technical processes are done properly
HISTOTECHNOLOGISTS
31
The following aspects are needed for a good quality microscope
Must magnify object Must resolve the details of the object Must make the details visible
32
It is one the most commonly used microscope in the laboratory
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
33
BASIC PARTS OF THE MICROSCOPE
Base- provides support Arm- support and hold the magnifying system/handle Stage- platform where the slides are placed Substage- located directly under the stage which holds the condenser and diaphragm Mechanical stage- permits the movement of the stage while holding the slide Condenser- moved up and down Diaphragm- left and right
34
TYPES OF EYEPIECE
MONOCULAR BINOCULAR TRINOCULAR
35
What are the types of objective lens magnification
4x RED- SCANNER 10x YELLOW- LOW POWER OBJECTIVE 20x GREEN- 40x BLUE- HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE 100x GRAY/WHITE- OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE
36
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION FORMULA
Objective in focus X Eyepiece in focus Ex. 4x x 10x = 40x
37
The focus remains intact even after switching into higher objectives
PARFOCAL
38
This type of microscope has the light either passed through or reflected of a specimen, having a bright background and the specimen is dark
BRIGHT FIELD MICROSCOPE
39
This microscope is used to observe unstained and transparent samples causing them to be clearly visible and appear brightly lit against a dark almost purely black background
DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE Ex. Treponema pallidum, Leptospira, Campylobacter jejuni, Endospore
40
This type of microscopy enhances the contrast of transparent and colorless objects by influencing the optical path of light, used in diagnosis of tumor cells
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPY
41
This type of microscopy improves the quality of the image of an anisotropic character obtained with the birefringement materials when compared to other techniques
POLARIZED MICROSCOPY
42
2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF POLARIZED MICROSCOPY
POLARIZER- below with east- west direction ANALYZER- above with north-south direction
43
2 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF POLARIZED MICROSCOPY
POLARIZER ANALYZER
44
In this type of microscope wavelengths of light ranging from ultraviolet to visible is used cause samples to fluoresce and allow viewing by eye or sensitive cameras
FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE
45
STAINS AND ITS USES FOR FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
Auramine Rhodamine-yellow-Tubercle bacilli Acridine Orange R-orange red for RNA and yellow green for DNA
46
This type of microscope uses a beam of highly energetic electrons to examine objects on a very fine scale. This can yield the information about the morphology and composition
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
47
TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Transmission Electron Microscope- 2D Image/Flat Image Scanning Electron Microscope- surfaces of microorganisms
48
A degree to which healthcare services strive to provide accurate desired outcomes for patients and are consistent with current professional knowledge
QUALITY
49
It is the freedom from accidental injury
SAFETY
50
Checking of activities routinely
QUALITY CONTROL
51
Planned system of review procedures conducted by a personnel not directly involved in the laboratory process
QUALITY ASSURANCE
52
Two distinct systems of Quality Assurance
Selective system- stained preparations from departamental archival records are used to assess the quality of staining Distributive system- participatin laboratories are asked to stain sections that have been submitted by the scheme organizer

MTAP 2 HISTOPATHOLOGIC and CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES (13 decks)

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