Lab Brain Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
Meninges of the brain are:
A
Layers if tissue that cover and protect brain and spinal cord
2
Q
Another name for tissue layers
A
Meninx
3
Q
3 tissue layers of the brain:
A
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
4
Q
Dura mater
A
- outside layer of brain and spinal cord
- dense fibrous connective tissue
- protective covering
- anchors brain in skull
- forms dural sinus
- extends to separate major areas of the brain
5
Q
Arachnoid mater
A
- middle layer
- fine spider web fibers
- spaces for blood vessels
6
Q
Pia mater
A
- inner layer
- soft delicate tissue
- adheres to surface of the brain
7
Q
Two tissue spaces of the brain:
A
- subdural space
* subarachnoid space
8
Q
Subdural space:
A
•below dura mater
9
Q
Subarachnoid space:
A
- under the arachnoid mater
* allows room for cerebrospinal fluid to circulate
10
Q
What are the three meninges of the spinal cord?
A
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
11
Q
The 3 tissue spaces of the spinal cord:
A
- epidural space
- subdural space
- subarachnoid space
12
Q
Epidural space of the spinal cord:
A
- between the spinal cord and bones of the vertebrae
* site of interjection of anesthesia
13
Q
Subdural space of the spinal cord:
A
Beneath the dura mater
14
Q
Subarachnoid space of the spinal cord:
A
•under arachnoid membrane
•cerebrospinal fluid circulates here
•site of lumbar or spinal tap
(Below L-1 level)- obtains CSF for analysis
15
Q
6 areas of the brain
A
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- midbrain
- cerebellum
- diencephalon
- cerebrum
16
Q
3 regions of the brain stem:
A
- medulla oblongata
- pons
- midbrain
17
Q
The brainstem is the:
A
•lowest section of the brain
18
Q
Medulla oblongata
A
- lowest section of brain
* attaches to the spinal cord
19
Q
Pons
A
- above the medulla
* anterior to the cerebellum
20
Q
Midbrain
A
- upper most section of the brain
- composed of 4 enlarged areas called corpora quadrigemina
- vermis divide into left and right hemisphere
21
Q
Corpora Quadrigemina
A
- made of four sections
- 2 superior colliculi (lg)
- 2 inferior colliculi (smaller)
22
Q
Cerebellum is located:
A
- posterior to the brainstem
* separated from the cerebrum by the transverse fissure
23
Q
Sections of the cerebellum:
A
- 2 lateral sections called the right and left hemisphere
* separated by the vermis
24
Q
Cerebellum surface structure:
A
- grooves on surface are called sulci
* raised areas referred to as convolutions
25
Diencephalon location
* can only be seen on the exterior of the brain from inferior surface
* only part visible, hypothalamus
* attachment of pituitary gland here
26
Cerebrum location:
Uppermost region of the brain
| •largest section of the brain
27
Cerebrum lobes:
* divided into two hemispheres
| * each hemisphere is subdivided into 5 lobes
28
5 lobe subdivisions:
* frontal lobe
* parietal love
* temporal lobe
* occipital lobe
* insula
29
Frontal lobe:
Anterior section
30
Parietal lobe:
Too middle surface
31
Temporal lobe
On lateral surface
| •below parietal lobe
32
Occipital lobe
On posterior surface
33
3 surface markings
* longitudinal cerebral fissure
* central sulcus
* lateral cerebral fissure
34
Longitudinal cerebral fissure
•deep groove between the left and right hemispheres
35
Central sulcus
Shallower groove
| •between parietal and frontal lobes
36
Lateral cerebral fissure
* deep groove
| * between parietal and temporal lobes
37
Brainstem internal:
* Sagittarius sectional view
* medulla- attach to spinal cord
* pons- enlarged between medulla and midbrain
* midbrain- superior and inferior colliculi ( corpora quadraigemina)
38
Internal anatomy cerebellum:
* white matter does arbor vitae
| * space between the cerebellum and the brainstem is the 4th ventricle
39
Internal anatomy of the diencephalon: 3 parts:
* thalamus
* hypothalamus
* pineal gland
40
Thalamus:
* largest part of the diencephalon
| * contains intermediate mass in its center
41
Hypothalamus:
* below thalamus
* posterior to optic nerve
* pituitary gland attached here
42
Pineal gland:
* (body)
* posterior to the thalamus
* above colliculi of the midbrain
43
Cerebrum internal anatomy- sagittal sectional view: 3 components
* gray matter
* white matter
* corpus callosum
44
Cerebrum gray matter:
* outer layer
* called cortex
* thin
* contains cell nerve bodies
45
Cerebrum white matter:
* inside gray matter
* tracts and bundles of nerve cells
* with myelinated axons
46
Corpus callosum of cerebrum:
* large nerve tracts
| * connecting the right and left hemisphere
47
Ventricles are:
* spaces within the brain
| * where cerebral spinal fluid is made and circulates
48
4 ventricle structures of the brain:
* lateral ventricles 2
* 3rd ventricle
* 4th ventricle
49
Lateral ventricles of the brain:
* largest areas located below corpus callosum
| * separated by a membrane called the septum pellucidum
50
Septum pellucidum:
* separates lateral ventricles
| * a membrane
51
Third ventricle:
•located between the right and left sections of the thalamus and hypothalamus
52
Fourth ventricle
* space between the cerebrum and brainstem
* CSF flows here
* into subarachnoid spaces of the meninges
* or through the central canal of the spinal cord
53
3 connecting channels and openings are:
* interventricular foramen
* cerebral aqueduct
* choroid plexus
54
Interventricular foramen:
•between the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle
55
Cerebral aqueduct
Pathway for CSF flow from third to fourth ventricle
56
Choroid plexuses
* located in each of the ventricles
| * where CSF is produced
57
2 blood circulation pathways in the brain:
* main arterial pathways
| * circle of Willis
58
Main arterial pathways: 2
* internal carotid arteries
| * vertebral arteries
59
Internal carotid arteries
•branch from the common carotid arteries in the neck
•carry blood to the anterior cerebrum and connect with the:
-anterior cerebral arteries
-middle cerebral arteries
-posterior communicating arteries
60
Vertebral arteries
•branch off subclavian arteries
•carry blood to:
-basilar artery
-posterior cerebral arteries (arteries to the cerebellum and pons)
61
Circle of Willis
* network of arteries
* form circular pathway around the base of the brain
* maintains constant blood flow into cerebrum
62
Blood vessels in the circle of Willis
* anterior cerebral arteries
* anterior communicating arteries
* posterior cerebral arteries
* posterior communicating arteries
