LAB - Circulatory & Respiratory System

Question 1

three common layers of the circulatory system

Answer 1

• tunica intima
• tunica media
• tunica adventitia

Question 2

three layers of the heart

Answer 2

same but…

• endocardium
• myocardium
• epicardium

Question 3

blood vessels arrangement

Answer 3

arteries have a smaller lumen and thicker walls than veins

Question 4

what is the respiratory system composed of?

Answer 4

trachea, bronchial tree, respiratory tract

Question 5

three main types of vessels in the arterial system

Answer 5

• elastic arteries: such as the aorta and pulmonary arteries
• muscular arteries: main branches that distribute oxygenated blood
• arterioles: terminal branches that supply capillary beds

Question 6

two divisions of the respiratory system

Answer 6

• conduction = from nose to terminal bronchioles

- respiratory = gas exchange; respiratory bronchioles to alveoli

Question 7

this joins the free ends of the C cartilage rings of the trachea together

Answer 7

trachealis muscle (smooth)

Question 8

Two alveolar cell types

Answer 8

• type I: flat cells gas exchange occurs here

- type II: cuboidal shaped cells, secrete surfactant and can form type I cells

Question 9

T or F. Arteries have slower blood flow than veins

Answer 9

F, veins have slower blood flow

Question 10

Which blood vessel has a more well developed tunica media?

Answer 10

arteries

Question 11

tunica intima of arterioles

Answer 11

• little Ct

- thin internal elastic lamina

Question 12

tunica media of arterioles

Answer 12

smooth muscle cells in 1-6 concentric layers

Question 13

tunica adventitia of arterioles

Answer 13

• thin

- no external elastic lamina or not well defined

Question 14

muscular arteries (small/med) tunica intima

Answer 14

• thicker subendothelium

- prominent internal elastic lamina

Question 15

muscular arteries tunica media

Answer 15

• up to 4 layers ofs mooth muscle

Question 16

muscular arteries tunicaa adventitia

Answer 16

merges with surrounding connective tissue

Question 17

large arteries

Answer 17

elastic

Question 18

elastic arteries tunica intima

Answer 18

• flattened endothelial cells supported by thin layer of CT (collagen) w/ few elastic fibers
• thicker than muscular arteries

Question 19

elastic arteries tunica media

Answer 19

• broad, with fenestrated sheets of elastin separated by CT

- few smooth muscle fibers

Question 20

elastic arteries tunica adventitia

Answer 20

• collagen, elastic fibres, adipocytes

- diffuse external elastic lamina

Question 21

small veins tunica intima

Answer 21

• no elastin fibres
• poorly developed internal elastic lamina
• thin subendothelium

Question 22

small veins tunica media

Answer 22

• 1-2 layers of smooth muscles

- thin

Question 23

tunica adventitia of small veins

Answer 23

underdeveloped

Question 24

large veins tunica intima

Answer 24

indistinct internal elastic lamina

Question 25

large vein tunica media

Answer 25

several layers of smooth muscle

Question 26

large vein tunica adventitia

Answer 26

- longitudinally arranged collagen | - continuous with surrounding CT

Question 27

continuous capillaries

Answer 27

complete linings of endothelial cells | - muscle

Question 28

fenestrated capillaries

Answer 28

endothelial cells with pores or perforations | - kidneys

Question 29

sinusoidal capillaries

Answer 29

have large pores and lack a basal lamina | - spleen

Question 30

anastomosing

Answer 30

branching (cardiac muscle)

Question 31

what may you see in the epicardium?

Answer 31

- vasa vasorum - connective tissues - some adipose tissue

Question 32

this elastin stain helps to distinguish arteries from veins

Answer 32

Gomori's alehyde fsuschin - note that cartilage matrix and goblet cell mucin stains - elastin = purple - RBCs = green

Question 33

the media of the aorta is mostly

Answer 33

elastin

Question 34

the mucosa in the trachea has two types of cels

Answer 34

- ciliated cells | - mucous cells

Question 35

components of the respiratory tract include: (3)

Answer 35

- alveolar ducts: like long branching hallways - alveolar sacs: rotunda-like spaces - alveoli: project from the alveolar sac - the cubicles are alveoli

Question 36

components of alveoli

Answer 36

- alveolar epithelium, connective tissue, blood vessels

Question 37

functions of surfactant

Answer 37

- extracellular coating that reduces tension of type I cells; reduction of tension = makes inflation of lungs less work - facilitates transport of gases bw air and liquid phases - bactericidal effect