Lab Diagnostics

Question 1

Name some functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

Excretion of nitrogenous waste
Regulate body water and solute concentration
Regulate electrolyte composition
Regulation of acid - base balance
Endocrine (produces erythropoetin, renin and active metabolites of vitamin D)
Elimination of toxic substances

Question 2

What is the GFR?

Answer 2

The rate fluid moves from the plasma to the glomerular filtration

Question 3

What is the definition of azotaemia?

Answer 3

Increase in the non-protiem nitrogenous protiens usually urea and creatinine

Question 4

Uraemia is?

Answer 4

complex of clinical and biochemical signs assoaciated with loss of nephrons.

Question 5

What are indicators of renal health in a biochem profile?

Answer 5

UN
Creatinine
Phosphorus
Calcium
Sodium
Chloride
Potassium
Acid-Base
Protien

Question 6

What else do you need to compare to the serum?

Answer 6

Urine

Question 7

Urea is synthesised from?

Answer 7

Ammonia

Question 8

How long does it take urea to equilibriate in a space and blood?

Answer 8

90mins

Question 9

Why is urea not to be used as an indicator in farm animals?

Answer 9

Urea can be put into the saliva from the blood so serum levels cannot be accurate

Question 10

How long does equilibrium of creatanine take?

Answer 10

4.5hrs

Question 11

How many nephrons have to be lost for a change in creatanine to appear?

Answer 11

3/4

Question 12

What is pre-renal azotaemia due to?

Answer 12

Result of reduced renal perfusion or increased protien catabolism

Question 13

What is renal azotaemia due to?

Answer 13

Renal Disease and loss of nephrons (3/4)

Question 14

What is post renal azotaemia due to?

Answer 14

Interfereance with the excretion of urine

Question 15

What should a USG be if Urea and Creatinine are increased?

Answer 15

1. 030 Dog
2. 035 Cat
3. 025 Horse and Ruminant

Question 16

What usg indicated isosthenuric urine?

Answer 16

1.008 - 1.012 as it has not changed

Question 17

What USG indicates hyposthenuria?