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Lab exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)?

A

pancreas, right kidney, gallbladder, liver, and intestines

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2
Q

What organs are in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)?

A

left portion of the liver, the larger portion of the stomach, the pancreas, left kidney, spleen, portions of the transverse and descending colon, and parts of the small intestine.

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3
Q

What organs are in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)?

A

contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

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4
Q

What organs are in the Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)?

A

contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter.

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5
Q

Name the 9 regions of the abdominopelvic regions

A

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac.

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6
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A
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7
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8
Q
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9
Q

Major component organs of the integumentary system

A

skin, hair, and nails; cutanious sense organs and glands

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10
Q

Major component organs of the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and joints

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11
Q

Major component organs of the muscular system

A

muscles attached to the skeleton

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12
Q

Major component organs of the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors

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13
Q

Major component organs of the endocrine system

A

pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas

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14
Q

Major component organs of the cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels

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15
Q

Major component organs of the lymphatic system

A

lymphatic vessels, lyph nodes, spleen, and thymus

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16
Q

Major component organs of the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs

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17
Q

Major component organs of the digestive system

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory structures including teeth, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

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18
Q

Major component organs of the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

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19
Q

Major component organs of reproductive system

A

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, mammary glands, and vagina
Male: testes, prostate gland, scrotum, penis, and duct system which carries sperm to the body exterior

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20
Q

Function of the integumentary system

A

-Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from drying out.
-Excretes salts and urea.
-Aids in regulation of body temperature.
-Produces vitamin D.

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21
Q

Function of the skeletal system

A

-Body support and protection of internal organs
-provides levers for muscular action
-Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation.
-Bones store minerals.

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22
Q

Function of the muscular system

A

-Primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion (running, walking, ect.), grasping and manipulation of the environment, and facial expression
-generates heat

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23
Q

Function of the nervous system

A

-Allows body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands.
-Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals

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24
Q

Function of the endocrine system

A

-Helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development; produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body

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25
Function of the cardiovascular system
primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. -antibodies and other protien molecules in the blood protect the body.
26
Function of the lymphatic system
-picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood. -cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris -houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances
27
Function of the respiratory system
-keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide -contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood
28
Function of the digestive system
-breaks down ingested fods to smaller particles, which can be aborbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells -undigested residue removed from the body as feces
29
Function of the urinary system
-rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes including urea, uric acid, and amonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids -maintains water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood
30
Function of the reproductive system
-Female: provides gametes called eggs; the uterus houses the developing fetus until birth; mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant -Male: provides gametes called perm for perpetuation of the species
31
Name, Function and Location
Name: Simple Squamous epithelium Function: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae Location: kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity
32
Name, Function and Location
Name: Simple cuboidal epithelium Function: Secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface
33
Name, Function and Location
Name: Simple Columnar Epithelium Function: Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action Location: Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to rectum), gallbladder, and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus
34
Name, Function and Location
Name: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium Function: Secretes substances, particularly mucus; propulsion of mucus by ciliary action Location: Nonciliated type in male's sperm-carrying ducts and ducts of large glands; ciliated variety lines the trachea, most of the upper respiratory tract
35
Name, Function and Location
Name: Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion Location: nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane
36
Name, Function and Location
Name: Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Function: Protection Location: Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands
37
Name, Function and Location
Name:Stratified Columnar Epithelium Function: Protection; secretion Location: Rare in the body; small amounts in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands
38
Name, Function and Location
Name: Transitional Epithelium Function: Stretches readily and permits distension of urinary organ by contained urine Location: Lines the ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra
39
Name, Function and Location
Name: Areolar Connective Tissue Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid Location; widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries
40
Name, Function and Location
Name: Adipose Connective tissue Function: Provides reserve fuel; insulates against heat loss; supports and protects organs Location:Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts
41
Name, Function and Location
Name:Reticular Connective Tissue Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types, including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)
42
Name, Function and Location
Name: Dense Regular Connective Tissue Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to other muscles; attached bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction Location: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses
43
Name, Function and Location
Name: Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength. Location: Fibrous capsules of organs and of joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract
44
Name, Function and Location
Name: Hyaline Cartilage Function: Supports and reinforces; serves as resilient cushion; resists compressive stress Location: forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in oint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea and larynx
45
Name, Function and Location
Name:Elastic Cartilage Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility Location: supports the external ear (auricle); epiglottis
46
Name, Function and Location
Name: Fibrocartilage Function: tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint
47
Name, Function and Location
Name: Bone (osseous tissue) Function: Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bone is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis) Location: bones
48
Name, Function and Location
Name: Blood Function: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances Location: contained within blood vessels
49
Name, Function and Location
Name: Nervous tissue Function: Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands); supporting cells support and protect neurons Location: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
50
Name, Function and Location
Name: Skeletal Muscle Function:Voluntary movement; locomotion; manipulation of the environment; facial expression; voluntary control Location: In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally to skin
51
Name, Function and Location
Name: Cardia Muscle Function: As it contracts, cardiac muscle propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control Location: the walls of the heart
52
Name, Function and Location
Name: Smooth Muscle Function: propels substances (foodstuffs, urine) or a baby along internal passageways; involuntary control Location: Mostly in the walls of hollow organs
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A&P (18 decks)

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