Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Cattle teeth
A
- bone
- dental pad on the maxilla replaces incisors/canines
2
Q
Sheep teeth
A
- no top incisors has a dental pad
3
Q
White tail deer teeth
A
- grinding and chewing teeth
- no top incisors
4
Q
Horse teeth
A
- bone, constantly erupting teeth
5
Q
Mule teeth
A
- massive bone structures, constantly erupting teeth (much bigger than horse)
- upper incisors for grabbing
6
Q
Pig teeth
A
- bone and replica (omnivore)
- lots of molars (grinding teeth)
7
Q
Human teeth
A
- replica
- hetero
8
Q
Cottontail rabbit teeth
A
- constantly growing teeth
9
Q
Muskrat and beaver teeth
A
- very similar
- molar looking, huge incisors
10
Q
Opossum teeth
A
- unusually full jaw
- incisors-> very small
- molars-> tricuspid
- canines-> large
11
Q
Raccoon teeth
A
- dentition
- 40 teeth adapted to omnivore diet
- k9s are well developed, crowns of molars are cuspidate
12
Q
Coyote and dog teeth
A
- very similar
- coyote teeth are longer and slimmer than dog
13
Q
Cat teeth
A
- no grinding surfaces because obligate carnivore
14
Q
Ostrich teeth
A
- no teeth
- scleral ossicles (bones in the white of the eye)
- lightweight skull
- long (beak)/nose
15
Q
Chicken Skeleton
A
- on the base holding the chicken
- bony tongue and hyoid bones
- the scleral ossiclesd
16
Q
Homodonts
A
- all super pointy teeth
17
Q
Ruminants
A
- mammals
18
Q
9 banded armadillo teeth
A
- Homodont
- teeth of similar shape but can be different sizes
- small peglike molars
- open roots-> no enamel
19
Q
Alligator teeth
A
- varies from 74 to 80 teeth
- maxillary and mandibular combined
20
Q
Shark teeth
A
- Homodont
- all super pointy
21
Q
Reptiles and fish teeth
A
- most are homodonts
- but some snakes have modified them into fangs
22
Q
4 chambers of a ruminant
A
1) rumen
2) reticulum
3) omasum
4) abomasum
23
Q
Pig digestive system
A
- monogastric
24
Q
Esophagus
A
- tough inside
25
Stomach includes
- chyme (very watery)
- cardiac sphincter
- plyloric sphincter
- body of stomach/funds
- ruggae (folds)
26
Cardiac sphincter
- at entrance of the stomach, prevents food from going back into the esophagus
27
Plyloric sphincter
- exits into the duodenum
28
Body of stomach/funds
- mucus to prevent epithelium from breaking down
29
Raggae (folds)
- to increase surface area for enzymes to be released
30
Small intestine
1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ilium
31
Pancreas
- accessory gland adjacent to the duodenum
| - produces basic pancreatic juice to neutralize the stomach acid
32
Liver
- accessory gland to digestive system
- lobulated
- can regenerate (multiple lobes if cut one off will grow back)
33
Gall bladder
- not in all species
- vascular with big blood vessels, not found in horses
- filled with bile
34
Bile
(green/yellow) added to small intestine
- acts as a detergent(fatty emulsifier)
- produces small fat droplets so it does not coat proteins
35
Cecum
- blind ended pouch where small and large intestine meet
| - a lot of gas, hindgut fermenter breakdown plant material in this
36
Large intestine
- colon
- more microbes and breaks down products
- ascending, transverse, descending
- includes rectum
37
Rectum
- last part of the large intestine
| - pulls h2o out to become feces
38
Spleen
- rich blood supply, cleanses blood and removes old RBC
| - not part of the digestive tract is in the abdominal cavity
39
Omentum
- attached to the stomach, over the intestines
- lies over the abdominal cavity containing the intestines
- fat, very vascular
- smooth surface allows for intestines to slide around
40
Thoracic cavity
- pluck
- trachea (cartilage or C rings)
- lungs (lobulated) -> residual volume of air (floats) still born
- heart
- esophagus -> has a tough inside
41
The primary sugar in milk is a ...
- disaccharide: lactose
42
Lactose
- a disaccharide containing two sugar molecules
| - glucose* and galactose
43
Lactase
- an enzyme that breaks down lactose to its constituent sugars
44
Lactose intolerant
- do not produce digestive lactase and thus do not break down lactose
45
Compare the skim milk glucose with the lactaid and the one without
- the skim milk on its own had a lower glucose than the one with lactaid
- this is because the lactaid contains lactase which breaks down the lactose contained in the milk to its constituent sugars which are higher
46
Proteins in milk
1) casein (precipitated curd)
| 2) whey proteins (fluid)
47
Rennin
- ruminants produce this enzyme in the abomasum to coagulate the casein
48
What commercial rennin did we use?
- emporase derived from bacteria
49
Rennet
- rennin derived from a. Calfs abomasum
| - has a mixture of proteases like chymosin
