lab exam

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

contains DNA or genetic material which is responsible for the instructions of the cell

Question 2

chromatin

Answer 2

uncondensed form of DNA and spread out

Question 3

nucleolus

Answer 3

where ribosomes are made

Question 4

ribosomes

Answer 4

synthesizes protein

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

jelly-like substance

Question 6

rough ER

Answer 6

has ribosomes attached

Question 7

smooth ER

Answer 7

synthesise liipids, phospholipids and steroids

Question 8

golgi complex

Answer 8

consist of cis face and trans face, receives vesicles of proteins from ER and sends them out to proper destination and modifies into different groups

Question 9

centrosome

Answer 9

made up of 2 centrioles and point of origin of the mitotic spindle

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

made up of microtubles (cilia, flagella), microfilaments (movement of within cell), intermediate filaments (structural support),

Question 11

what is cilia and flagella

Answer 11

cilia is the hair-like outside cells to sweep substances
flagella tail-like outside cell to move

Question 12

mitotic spindles

Answer 12

used for chromatid separation to opposite poles

Question 13

microvilli

Answer 13

hair-like on surface of cells, increases surface area, for absorption

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

2 membranes inner and outer, cristae inside inner membrane, generates ATP

Question 15

nuclear envelope

Answer 15

contains pores for ribosomes and RNA
protects DNA

Question 16

explain the steps of interphase

Answer 16

During G1 (1st Gap phase), the cell grows and conducts normal cellular functions.
The cell also prepares for cell division by duplicating most of the organelles and other
cytoplasmic materials.
b) During the S phase (synthesis) of interphase, DNA is replicated.
c) During G2 (2nd Gap phase) Enzymes and other proteins that will aid in mitosis are
produced, and centriole replication is completed.

Question 17

what kind of cells enter G0 PHASE

Answer 17

muscle and neuron cells

Question 18

location of simple squamous cells
and function

Answer 18

Lines blood and lymphatic vessels, alveoli, glomerular
capsule, inner surface of tympanic membrane, and forms serous
membranes.
thinness allows passage of materials by diffusion and
filtration in areas where protection is not important; secretes
serous fluid within serous membranes.

Question 19

location of simple cubidal cells and function

Answer 19

glandular tissue and kidney, bronchioles in lungs
protection and absorption and secretion

Question 20

location of simple columnar cells and function

Answer 20

stomach and intestine
absorption

Question 21

location fo pseudostratified cilated columnar cells and functions

Answer 21

respiratory tract and help transport particiles

Question 22

stratified squamous cells

Answer 22

layer of skin epidermis, lining mouth and vagina.

Question 23

urothelium

Answer 23

urinary structures

Question 24

central canal

Answer 24

houses nerves and blood vessels

Question 25

concentric lamellae

Answer 25

calcified matrix of ground substance

Question 26

lacunae

Answer 26

small spaces in bone tissues with osteocytes

Question 27

canaliculi

Answer 27

small canals for communication and nutrients between lacunae

Question 28

osteocyte

Answer 28

maintaining bone matrix

Question 29

trabeculae

Answer 29

in spongy bone and for strength and support

Question 30

How do osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to maintain the skeletal

Answer 30

osteoblasts make new bone tissue, osteoclasts break down old ones, and the osteocytes maintain mature bone tissue

Question 31

Name three of the areas in the skeleton where spongy bone tissue is found.

Answer 31

ribs, shoulder blades, and flat bones of skull

Question 32

State four of the functions of the skeletal system:

Answer 32

gives the body its shape, allows movement, makes blood cells, provides protection for organs and stores minerals.

Question 33

What type of tissue forms the costal cartilages?

Answer 33

hyaline cartilage

Question 34

Which pair of bones articulates to allow you to nod your head "yes"?

Answer 34

atlas and occipital bone

Question 35

Which bones allow you to rotate your head from side to side to indicate "no"?

Answer 35

atlas and axis

Question 36

sternum

Answer 36

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 37

periosteum covers what

Answer 37

the whole bone surface

Question 38

medullary cavity

Answer 38

houses yellow marrow in the diaphysis

Question 39

endosteum

Answer 39

lines the medullary cavity

Question 40

Name the bones that make up the hard palate.

Answer 40

maxilla and palatine

Question 41

List the bones that form the nasal septum.

Answer 41

ethmoid bone and vomer

Question 42

What bones form the zygomatic arch?

Answer 42

temporal bone and zygomatic bone

Question 43

Give two functions of the paranasal sinuses.

Answer 43

increase resonance of speech and heating inhaled air

Question 44

What important muscle is attached to the hyoid?