Lab Exam 2 - Population Genetics, moss/fern, Angio/Gymnio, fungi

Question 1

Are kingdom plantae prokaryotes/eukaryotes? Unicellular/multicellular? Where do they get energy and carbon?

Answer 1

Eukaryotes Multicellular Photoautotrophic (conduct photosynthesis)

Question 2

Where did kingdom plantae get the ability to do photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Inherited from green algae (P. Chlorophyta)

Question 3

Name the Phyla for these common names:

1. Mosses
2. Ferns
3. Gymnosperms
4. Angiosperms

Answer 3

1. Brophyta
2. Pterophyta
3. Coniferophyta
4. Anthophyta

Question 4

Name the common names for these phyla

1. Coniferophyta
2. Brophyta
3. Anthophyta
4. Pterophyta

Answer 4

1. Gymnosperms (conifers)
2. Mosses
3. Angiosperms (flowering plants)
4. Ferns

Question 5

Which of these are vascular? Which of these are seed plants?

mosses

ferns

gymnosperms

angiosperms

Answer 5

mosses - nonvascular

ferns - vascular / seedless

gymnosperms - vascular / seedless

angiosperms - vascular / seed plants

Question 6

What do sporangia do?

Answer 6

Sporangia produce spores

Question 7

What are the five major groups of gymnosperms?

Answer 7

Ginkogophyta (ginkgoes),

cyadophyta (cyads),

cupressophyta (redwoods, junipers, yews),

Pinophyta (pines, spruces, and firs) and

Gnetophyta (gnetophyes)

Question 8

Plant life cycles:

What is the plant life cycle called?

What does it refer to?

Answer 8

Alternation of generations means that plants alternate between a multiceullular haploid (n) body form and a multicellular diploid (2n) body form from one generation to the next.

Question 9

Plant life cycles:

What is the multiceullular haploid body form called?

Answer 9

The gametophyte

Question 10

Plant life cycles:

What is the multicellular diploid body form called?

Answer 10

The sporophyte

Question 11

What does the gametophyte produce?

Answer 11

The gametophyte produces gametes (n)

Question 12

What does the sporophyte form produce?

Answer 12

Spores (n)

Question 13

Plant life cycles:

Where are gametes made? Be specific re: sperm and eggs

Answer 13

In the gametangia

(sperm made in antheridia; eggs in archegonia)

Question 14

Plant life cycles:

Where are spores made?

Answer 14

In the sporangia?

Question 15

Plant life cycles:

What happens to gametes?

Answer 15

Haploid gametes (sperm and egg) undergo fertilization and produce a diploid zygote. That diploid zygote grows into a 2n sporophye.

Question 16

Plant life cycles:

What happens to haploid spores?

Answer 16

Haploid spores grow directly into an adult gametophyte (n)

Question 17

What type of cell division does a gametophyte use to make gametes? A sporophyte to make spores?

Answer 17

mitosis

meiosis

Question 18

Bryophyta:

Are they gametophyte-dominated or sporophyte dominated?

How do sperm get to eggs?

Homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 18

Gametopyte-dominated

dependent upon water; sperm swim to eggs

homosporous

Question 19

Describe the bryophte life cycle

Answer 19

Question 20

Bryophyta:

Where is the capsule? Function?

Answer 20

On the sporangia. Where spores are produced.

Question 21

Bryophyta: is the male gametophyte haploid or diploid? Sperm?

Answer 21

male gametophyte (which has antheridia, where sperm are made) is n; sperm are n. (mitosis)

Question 22

Bryophyta: Are female gametophytes haploid or diploid? Eggs?

Answer 22

haploid; haploid

Question 23

Where does fertilization occur in moss? How does it happen? What is needed?

Answer 23

Fertilization occurs in the archegonia (female gametophyte); sperm swim; water is necessary

Question 24

Describe the frond; what is it? Is it part of the gametophyte or sporophyte?

What’s underneath it?

Answer 24

The fronds are the leaves. They are part of the sporophyte. They are thus 2n.

underneath, they have sori (singular: sorus), which produce spores. Sori are collections of sporangia.

Question 25

Describe the difference between sporophyte and gametophyte dominance, and describe the trend among different plants.

Answer 25

Non-vascular: Mosses are gametophyte dominant (sporophyte is short-lived and small) Vascular, seedless: Ferns are sporophyte dominant (the gametophyte are the weird heart-shaped looking things) Vascular, seed: Gymnosperms and angiosperms have even smaller (microscopic) gametophytes.

Question 26

Describe the fern life cycle

Answer 26

Question 27

Identify and descibe a fern fiddlehead. Is it part of the gametophyte or the sporophyte?

Answer 27

Part of the sporophyte. Fiddleheads are young fronds.

Question 28

Describe the gametophyte of a fern. What is its shape? What is it called?

Answer 28

It is heart-shaped and is called a prothallus.

Question 29

Describe a fern sporophyte growing out of the gametophyte

Answer 29

Question 30

For a fern, describe the sporophyte and gametophyte. Which are haploid/diploid. What do they look like? Where are you likely to find antheridia/archegonia?

Answer 30

* sporophyte is fiddleheads, fronds, etc. * gametophyte is the prothallus (heart-shaped) * likely to find antheridia/archegonia (gametangia) on the prothallus (gametophyte)

Question 31

Do fern sporophytes remain dependent on gametophytes?

Answer 31

Yes, adult sporophytes remain dependent on prothallus (gametophyte)

Question 32

Are phylum coniferophyta sporophyte-dominated or gametophyte dominated? Does fertilization depend on water? Are they homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 32

Sporophyte-dominated Fertilization does not depend on water Heterosporous: Male microsporangium produces microspores. Female megasporangium produces megaspores.

Question 33

Describe the conferophyte life cycle

Answer 33

Question 34

Are angiosperms (phylum anthophyta) sporophyte- or gametophyte-dominant? does fertilization depend on water? are they homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 34

Sporophyte-dominated fertilization does not depend on water Heterosporous: male microsporangium --\> microsports; female megasporangium --\> megaspores

Question 35

Label the parts of a flower

Answer 35

Question 36

Describe the angiosperm life cycle

Answer 36

Question 37

Describe heterospory in gymnosperms

Answer 37

Question 38

How does the life cycle of seed plants differ from that of mosses and ferns?

Answer 38

* mature sporophyte develops from a seed (embryonic sporophyte with nutrients) * mature sporophyte does not release spores; spores are retained in the tissue and develop directly into male/female gametophytes. microspores --\> pollen, megaspores --\> female gametophytes housed in ovules * gametophyte body is very small.

Question 39

young/old female pine cones

Question 40

Are pine cones produced by the sporophyte or the gametophyte?

Answer 40

Pine cones are produced by the sporophyte

Question 41

What do male (staminate) cones produce? Where does fertilization/seed development occur?

Answer 41

Male cones produce pollen. Fertilizaton/seed development takes place in the megasporangium.

Question 42

male pine cone cross-section

Answer 42

Question 43

female pine cone cross section

Answer 43

Question 44

pine nut

Answer 44

Question 45

name the parts and functions of a flower

Answer 45

The sepal supports the flower and the petals; it contains the female carpel (stigma - receives pollen grains, the style - which takes pollen grains - and the ovary - which contains the ovules and carries female gametes). it also has the male stamen, which has the sticky anther (covered in pollen) and the support filament.

Question 46

are flower ovules haploid or diploid?

Answer 46

they are diploid 2n. gametophytes are haploid n, though.

Question 47

dicot seed picture

Answer 47

Question 48

In a seed: What is the structure of the shell, seed coat, embryonic root & shoot, cotyledons, and endosporm?

Answer 48

* Shell and seat coat - protection * embryonic root and shoot - grow into sporophyte * cotyledons and endosperm are food storage

Question 49

Corn cross section

Answer 49

Question 50

How do fungi get nutrients? Are they pro or euk?

Answer 50

They are eukaryotes that are heterotrophic. They get nutrients by absorbing from surroundings.

Question 51

What do fungi secrete into their foods?

Answer 51

exoenzymes that digest.

Question 52

Describe the physical structure of fungi

Answer 52

Yeast are unicellular, but most are multicellular. They are masses of thin filaments (hyphae that together form the mycelium) that grow through a food source

Question 53

lichen

Answer 53