Lab exam 3

Question 1

what system anazles sensory information, stores information and makes decisions?

Answer 1

nervous system

Question 2

an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the ____

Answer 2

synapse

Question 3

where are bipolar neurons commonly found?

Answer 3

in the retina of the eye

Question 4

what affects the velocity and duration of muscle contraction?

Answer 4

load on the fiber

Question 5

what is the most distinguishing characteristic of muscle tissue?

Answer 5

the ability to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy

Question 6

where are ciliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospial fluid called?

Answer 6

ependymal cells

Question 7

the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus is the ______

Answer 7

absolute refractory period

Question 8

an anerobic metabolic pathway that results in the production of two net atps per glucose plus two pyruvic acid molecules is called

Answer 8

glycolysis

Question 9

after nervous stimulation stops what prevents ACh in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?

Answer 9

acetylcholinesterese destroying the ACh

Question 10

what happens when an EPSP is being generated on the dendritic membrane?

Answer 10

a single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium

Question 11

a second nerve impulse cannot be generated until?

Answer 11

the membrane potential has been reestablished

Question 12

what is true about ions moving across excitable living membranes

Answer 12

sodium gates in the membrane can open in response to electrical potential changes

Question 13

are neruons mitotic?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system are called

Answer 14

ganglia

Question 15

fatigued muscle cells that recover rapidly are the products of

Answer 15

intense exercise of short duration

Question 16

what does myoglobin store?

Answer 16

oxygen in muscle cells

Question 17

neuroglia that control the chemical enviornment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are ___

Answer 17

astrocytes

Question 18

what describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential?

Answer 18

short distance depolarization

Question 19

what muscle is long and cylindrical with many nuceli?

Answer 19

straiated muscle cells

Question 20

the strongest muscle contractions are normally achieved by

Answer 20

increasing the stimulation up to the maximal stimulues

Question 21

the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body are called

Answer 21

axon

Question 22

is innervation of skeletal muscle a function of the ANS?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?

Answer 23

Ca2+ and ATP

Question 24

if a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode places about midpoint along the length of the axon

Answer 24

the impulse would spread bidirectionally

Question 25

what does excess postexercise oxygen consumption represent?

Answer 25

the difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used

Question 26

which of the following is not a function of astrocytes

Answer 26

provide the defense for CNS

Question 27

The giant protein titin maintains the organization of the _________ assisting in muscle stretching

Answer 27

A band

Question 28

which muscle has one nucleus, no sarcomerese and rare gap junctions

Answer 28

multiunit smooth muscle

Question 29

IPSP is associated with ___________-

Answer 29

hyperpolarization

Question 30

in what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting neuron differ from the external enviornment. the interior is _______

Answer 30

negatively charged and contains less sodium

Question 31

what is the role of tropomyosin

Answer 31

its a contraction inhibitor by blocking mysoin

Question 32

in an isotonic contraction

Answer 32

the muscle changes in length and moves the 'load"

Question 33

schwann cells are functionally similar to

Answer 33

oligodendrocytes

Question 34

the mechanism of contraction in smooth muscle is different from skeletal muscle in that

Answer 34

the site of calcium regulation differs

Question 35

what is not a role of ionic calcium in muscle contraction?

Answer 35

activates epinepherine released from adrenal gland

Question 36

the term central nervous system refers to the

Answer 36

brain and spinal cord

Question 37

saltatory conduction is made possible by the

Answer 37

myelin sheath

Question 38

motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Answer 38

ANS

Question 39

What is the primary function of wave summation?

Answer 39

produce smooth, continuous muscle contraction

Question 40

which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials

Answer 40

voltage-gated channels

Question 41

the sliding filament model of contraction involved

Answer 41

actin and myosin sliding past eachother and partially over lapping

Question 42

the substance released at axon terminals to propogate a nervous impulse is called a

Answer 42

neurotransmitter

Question 43

during vigorous exercise, there may be insufficient oxygen available to completely break down pyruvic acid for energy. as a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to

Answer 43

lactic acid

Question 44

muscle tone is

Answer 44

a state of sustained partial contraction

Question 45

smooth muscle is characterized by all of the following except

Answer 45

there are more thick filaments than thin filaments

Question 46

can smooth muscle cells divide to increase their numbers?

Answer 46

yes