Lab Exam Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Blood supply for Wernicke’s area
A
MCA (inferior division)
2
Q
Location of Broca’s area
A
Inferior frontal gyrus
3
Q
Location of Wernicke’s area
A
Superior temporal gyrus
4
Q
What is the arcuate fasciculus?
A
Pathway in which Broca’s and Wernicke’s communicate
5
Q
What cortex is the calcarine sulcus in?
A
Visual
6
Q
What supplies the gyri brevis?
A
MCA
7
Q
What artery supplies the primary visual cortex?
A
Calcarine artery
8
Q
Calcarine artery arises from which larger vessel?
A
PCA
9
Q
Occlusion of the PCA produces what deficits?
A
Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
10
Q
What fibers are found within the anterior white commissure?
A
Spinothalamic
11
Q
Where does the great vein of Galen drain?
A
Straight sinus
12
Q
What lamina is the dorsal nucleus of Clarke found in?
A
Lamina VII
13
Q
What is the function of the anterior commissure?
A
Connects right and left temporal lobes
14
Q
The septum pellucidum forms the walls of what ventricles?
A
Lateral ventricles
15
Q
Occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius will produce what pathology?
A
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
16
Q
What drains the confluence of sinus?
A
Transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV
17
Q
When the fasciculus gracilis fibers are decussating, what are they called? What do they travel as?
A
Internal arcuate fibers. Medial lemniscus.
18
Q
Lesion to the cauda equina will result in…
A
Saddle anesthesia–no bowel/bladder control
19
Q
What is the most common defect of the anterior communicating artery?
A
Berry aneurysm
20
Q
What is the function of the precentral gyrus?
A
Primary motor
21
Q
What gyrus is the uncus in?
A
Parahippocampal gyrus
22
Q
What structure is found deep within the lateral sulcus?
A
Insula (central lobe)
23
Q
Occlusion of the ACA will produce deficits where?
A
Contralateral lower limb
24
Q
A lesion in the inferior frontal gyrus will produce what deficit?
A
Broca’s aphasia (expressive aphasia)
25
What vertebral levels are the IMLs located at?
T1-L2 and S2-S4
26
What do the pontine arteries arise from?
Basilar artery
27
Blockage of the interventricular foramen leads to build up in what structures?
Lateral ventricles
28
What tract travels through the dorsolateral tract of Lissauer?
Spinothalamic tract
29
Where does the sigmoid sinus drain?
IJV
30
Injury to the anterior paracentral gyrus will lead to what symptoms?
Contralateral lower extremity paralysis
31
What sense is controlled by the lingual gyrus?
Vision
32
The angular artery is a branch of....
MCA
33
The parahippocampal gyrus is part of what lobe?
Limbic
34
Alpha motor neurons are found in what lamina?
Lamina IX
35
What supplies the gyrus rectus?
Orbital branches of the ACA
36
What is the source of the pericallosal artery?
ACA
37
What portion of the hypothalamus sends info to the pineal body?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
38
Failure of the lamina terminalis to close during development will lead to what condition?
Anencephaly
39
Tertiary neurons from which tract synapse on the post central gyrus?
Dorsal column
40
Occlusion of PICA will lead to what symptoms?
```
Wallenberg:
Diplopia
Nystagmus
Horner syndrome
Vertigo
```
41
What supplies blood to the cingulate gyrus?
Pericallosal branch of ACA
42
Superior cerebral veins drain into what sinus?
Superior sagittal sinus
43
Hyperreflexia can result from occlusion of what branch of the ICA?
MCA
44
The great anastomotic vein of Trolard is an anastomosis of what two vessels?
Superior sagittal sinus and the superficial middle cerebral vein
45
Occlusion of the calcarine branch of the PCA will lead to what symptoms?
Homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing
46
Which layer of the spinal dura mater is vascular?
Periosteal layer
47
What separates the two cerebellar hemispheres?
Falx cerebelli
48
What vertebral level does the cauda equina end in adults?
S2
49
What vertebral level is the conus medullaris found in adults?
L1/L2
50
What vertebral level is the conus medullaris found in children?
L2/L3
51
What three vessels do you find in the superior cistern?
1. Great vein of Galen
2. Posterior cerebral artery
3. Superior cerebellar artery
52
What is the anterior wall of the third ventricle? What is it bounded by?
Lamina terminalis. Bounded on the left and right by the hypothalamus and thalamus.
53
Name three branches of the ICA.
ACA, MCA, posterior/anterior communicating arties, anterior choroidal artery, opthalamic artery
54
What happens if you occlude the ophthalmic artery?
Vision loss in ipsilateral eye
55
What happens if you occlude the anterior choroidal artery?**
Contralateral hemiparesis, hemianesthesia, hemianopia
56
Name two branches of the vertebral artery.
Anterior spinal artery, PICA
57
The ICA enters the skull via ______ and the vertebral artery enters via _____.
Carotid canal / foramen magnum
58
What two vessels supply the choroid plexus in the 4th ventricle?
PICA and AICA
59
Name three branches of the basilar artery.
Superior cerebellar artery, AICA, pontine branches, labyrinthine artery.
60
What CN exits the brainstem by passing between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries?**
CN III
61
Compression of CN III would lead to what symptoms?
Visual deficits, including accommodation and light response
62
What CN is found in the interpeduncular fossa?
CN III
63
What two veins form the great vein of Galen?**
Internal cerebral vein and basal vein of Rosenthal
64
What two veins form the straight sinus?**
Inferior sagittal sinus and the great vein of Galen
65
What three sinuses drain into the confluence of sinuses?
Occipital sinus, straight sinus, and the superior sagittal sinus
66
The superficial middle cerebral vein drains into what sinus?
Cavernous sinus
67
Superior anastomotic vein of Trolard drains into what sinus?
Superior sagittal sinus
68
Inferior anastomotic vein of Labbe connects what two veins? What does it drain into?
Superficial middle cerebral vein and transverse sinus. Empties into transverse sinus.
69
What vessels run inside the cavernous sinus?
Internal carotid artery, CN VI
70
What vessels run inside the walls of the cavernous sinus?
CN III, IV, V1, V2
71
What drains the cavernous sinus?
Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
72
Embryological origin of hypothalamus
Diencephalon
73
Embryological origin of aqueduct
Mesencepalon
74
Embryological origin of pons/cerebellum
Metencephalon
75
Embryological origin of medulla
Myelencephalon
76
Embryological origin of third ventricle
Diencephalon
77
What sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobes?
Parieto-occipital sulcus
78
The inferior parietal lobule is an association area where multiple sensory inputs converge. A lesion to this area is called....
Gerstmann's syndrome
79
Where is the primary auditory cortex?
Transverse gyri of Heschl
80
The calcarine sulcus divides the occipital lobe into what two areas?
Cuneus and lingual gyrus
81
Occlusion of the MCA will cause...**
Contralateral hemiparesis of the upper limb and face
82
What is the blood supply for the internal capsule, putamen, and caudate?
Lenticulostriate branches of MCA
83
What is the function of the parahippocampal gyrus?
Peripheral and episodic memory
84
Lesion to the optic chiasm will lead to....
Ipsilateral hemianopia
85
Lesion to the optic tract will lead to....
Contralateral hemianopia
86
What artery travels in the parietal occipital sulcus?
PCA
87
What supplies the splenium of the corpus callosum? What supplies the rest of the corpus callosum?
PCA / ACA
88
An injury to the bridging veins will lead to what clinical presentation?**
Subdural hematoma
89
Which lamina contains enkephalin and substance P?**
Lamina II
90
What laminae contain the nucleus proprius?
Laminae III and IV
91
What lamina contains the posteromarginal nucleus?
Lamina I
92
What lamina contains the zona intermedia, the dorsal nucleus of Clarke, and IML?
Lamina VII
93
What lamina is the central canal found in?
Lamina X
94
What lamina are alpha motor neurons and gamma motor neurons found in?
Lamina IX
95
Fibers from what tract arise from the dorsal nucleus of Clarke?**
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
96
What tract enters the cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle?**
Posterior spinocerebellar tract
97
`What two tracts cross at the anterior white commissure?
Spinothalamic and anterior spinocerebellar
98
Where do 90% of corticospinal fibers decussate?
Medullary pyramids
99
The lumbar cistern extends from...
L1 to S2
100
Where is the subarachnoid space?
Between arachnoid and pia
101
What is the origin of the vertebral arteries?
Subclavian artery
102
What is the flow of CSF in the CNS?
1. Made in the choroid plexus
2. Lateral ventricles
3. Interventricular foramen
4. 3rd ventricle
5. Cerebral aqueduct
6. 4th ventricle
7. Lateral aperture and medial foramen
8. Subarachnoid cisterns
9. Arachnoid granulations
10. Reabsorbed into venous sinus blood
103
What structures does the anterior choroidal artery supply?
```
Deep structures:
Choroid plexus
Lateral ventricle
Putamen
Posterior limb of internal capsule
```
104
What supplies the corpus callosum?
ACA
105
What supplies Broca's and Wernicke's?
MCA
106
Where does the superior sagittal sinus empty?
Confluence of sinuses
107
What two structures form the straight sinus?
Great vein of Galen and inferior sagittal sinus
108
Where does the straight sinus empty?
Confluence of sinuses
109
What is the largest cistern and where is it located?
Cisterna magna. Located between medulla and cerebellum.
110
Which cistern contains the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries?
Superior cistern (aka quadrigeminal aka cisterna ambiens)
111
What are the symptoms of Grestman's syndrome and what causes it?
Caused by lesion in the inferior parietal lobule.
1. Finger agnosia
2. Agraphia
3. Inability to distinguish L from R
4. Acalculia
112
What does the labyrinthine artery supply?
Inner ear structures
113
What are the two major gyri of the occipital lobe?
Cuneus and lingual
114
Which vessel creates anterior perforated substance?
Lenticulostriate arteries from the MCA
115
What lobe is the hippocampal gyrus part of?
Limbic lobe
