Lab Exam Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Which appendages replace jaws in Chelicerates?
A
Chelicerae
2
Q
How many pairs of antennae do Myriapods have?
A
1 pair
3
Q
What subphylum do horseshoe crabs belong to?
A
Chelicerates
4
Q
How many pairs of walking legs do organisms from Subphylum Hexapoda have?
A
3 pairs
5
Q
What is the exoskeleton of the horseshoe crab made from?
A
Chitin
6
Q
Name the tagmata found in organisms belonging to subphylum Myriapoda.
A
- Head
2. Trunk
7
Q
Name the tagmata found in organisms belonging to subphylum Crustacea.
A
- Cephalothorax
2. Abdomen
8
Q
Name the two chambers of the stomach of crayfish.
A
- Cardiac stomach
2. Pyloric stomach
9
Q
Name the tagmata found in organisms from Subphylum Hexapoda.
A
- Head
- Thorax
- Abdomen
10
Q
What is the role of tympana?
A
Used for hearing
11
Q
What is the role of the gill bailer?
A
To draw water (and thus oxygen) into the gill chambers (crayfish)
12
Q
What is the role of the telson in the horseshoe crab?
A
Anchoring in sand, ploughing through the sand and righting the animal when it flips over
13
Q
What is the role of the pedipalps in the male horseshoe crab?
A
To hold onto the female as she carries the male onto the shore to reproduction.
14
Q
What is the role of spinnerets?
A
Produce silk (making webs, wrapping preys and encasing eggs).
15
Q
What is the role of pleopods?
A
They are used to transfer sperm from genital opening to the female (crayfish)
16
Q
Name 3 different appendages found in the cephalothorax of the crayfish.
A
I. Rostrum
II. Chelipeds
III. Walking legs
17
Q
Name 2 specimen from lab that have a telson.
A
- Horseshoe crab
2. Crayfish
18
Q
Name specimen from Arthropod’s lab that has book lungs.
A
Garden spider (chelicerates)
19
Q
Define tagmata.
A
Tagmata are the body unit of Arthropoda. They result from the reduction and fusion of metameres into distinct functional body units.
20
Q
Name 2 characteristics that generally make spiders sexual dimorphic.
A
- Size: Males are much smaller than females
2. Pedipalps: Males have modified pedipalps to transfer sperm into the female epigyne
21
Q
Name two phyla that are being studied in Lab 1
A
I. Cnidaria
II. Porifera
22
Q
Name three anatomical features that allow protozoans to move
A
I.Pseudopodia (Amoeaba)
II. Cilia (Paramecium)
III. Flagellum (Trypanosoma)
23
Q
What environmental condition is required for anatomical features that allow protozoans to move to function?
A
A fluid environment
24
Q
What is the feeding process used by amoeba?
A
Phagocytosis
25
Which of the following protozoans cannot reproduce sexually: paramecium, trypanosome and amoeba?
Amoeaba (binary fission)
26
What is the term for the fluid material found inside an amoeba?
Endoplasm
27
Name two functions of choanocytes.
I. Draw water into in from the incurrent canals (Poriferans)
II. Trapping food particles and oxygen
28
Give an example of a species from Lab 1 that is monoecious.
Hydra sp (however, other species of Hydrozoans can be dioecious)
29
Give an example of a species from Lab 1 that is dioecious
Moon jelly sp. (class Scyphozoa, phylum Cnidaria)
30
What are the two typical Cnidarian body forms?
I. Polyp (sessile)
| II. Medusa (free-swimming)
31
Define spongocoel
Body cavity in Poriferans where radial canals open through small opening called apopyles
32
What type of skeleton do hydrozoans and scyphozoans use to maintain their form?
Hydroskeleton
33
What is the role of contractile vacuoles?
Contractile vacuoles are responsible for maintaining the osmotic balance (pumping excess water when needed). They can be found in Paramecium (Protozoa)
34
Which group of organisms in Lab 1 has a cellular-level of biological organization?
Poriferans
35
What are the two types of structures that can act as support for a sponge?
I. Spicules (Scypha sp)
| II. Spongin
36
Define nematocyst
A nematocyst is the stinging organelle enclosed in the cnidocytes of Poriferans. It is triggered when the cnidocil is disturbed. Nematocyst can be used to hold a prey or to inject a paralyzing toxin.
37
Do hydrozoans reproduce sexually, asexually, or both?
Both
38
Define rhopalium
Rhopalium is a bundle of sensory structures that can be found at each junction of the margin in moon-jelly (medusa form). It is consisted of a statocyst for balance and orientation and an ocellus for light perception
39
Does the moon jelly have a larval stage?
Yes
40
Which three classes of Cnidaria are represented in Lab 1?
I. Hydrozoa
II. Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) (Aurelia abrita aka moon jelly)
III. Anthozoa (sea anemone)
41
What is the difference between an animal with tissue-level organization and one with cellular-level organisation?
Cellular-level organization: Multi-cellular organisms with specialized cells not organized into tissues
Tissue-level: Multi-cellular organisms where similar cells are aggregated into definite patterns or layers without organs.
42
What is the difference between a protozoan, metazoan and eumetazoan? Provide examples of each.
Protozoa: single-celled ex: Amoeba, Paramecium, Trypanosoma
Metazoans: Cellular-level organization ex: Porifera
Eumetazoans: Tissue-level organization ex: Hydra
43
Name three ways that Protozoans can move in their environments. What shared environmental “requirement” is necessary for these different methods/structures to work?
I. Pseudopodia
II. Cilia
III. Flagella
*Fluid environment
44
Describe how water moves into, and out of, a poriferan (sketch and label if you like). Name two functions of choanocytes during this process?
Incurrent canals, prosopyles, radial canals, apopyles, spongocoel and finally out through osculum.
Choanocytes = draw water in + trap food and oxygen
45
Define triploblastic:
Organism that have three germ layers
46
Name a phylum that includes triploplastic organisms that do NOT have a coelom (acoelomate).
Platyhelminthes: flatworms
47
Which of the following is NOT a Mollusc: Chitons, Snails, Planaria, Cuttlefish:
Planaria (Platyhelminthes)
48
4. Which of the following is a function of auricles?
a) Used for touch
b) Used for hearing
c) Used for olfaction
d) a and c are correct
e) b and c are correct
d) Touch and olfaction
49
Name a specimen from Platyhelminthes and Molluscs lab that doesn’t have a circulatory system.
All organ-level organization don't have a circulatory system : Platyhelminthes (planaria) , Nematoda (roundworm). All mollusques have open circulatory system
50
What are chromatophores?
Specialized pigment cells that allow the animal (squid) to rapidly change the color of their skin.
51
What is the role of the pneumostome?
Allows air to enter a highly vascularised section of the mantle cavity where gas exchanges take place. Found in snails.
52
What is the function of the radula?
It provides some mechanical breakdown of food (grinding action) before digestion. Found in snail.
53
What is the role of a siphon?
Siphons in molluscs are tube-like structures in which water flows (or more rarely in which air flows). . Water is forced from the siphon to create jet-propulsion (locomotion function).
54
Which specimen from Phylum Mollusca has a parasitic larval stage?
Mussel
55
Do all molluscs have shells?
No.
56
What is the role of a rostellum?
Help animal to adhere to the host intestine so it can feed (hook). Found in tapeworm)
57
The body of a tapeworm can be divided into three main sections. Name them.
The strobila, the neck and the scolex.
58
What symmetry do Platyhelminthes, Nematoda and Molluscs have?
Bilateral symmetry
59
Name 2 specimens that use a muscular foot for locomotion.
Snail and freshwater mussel.
60
What is the oldest part of the snail shell?
The apex
61
What is the oldest part of the mussel shell?
The umbo
62
What is the purpose of the squid’s ink sac?
To eject ink to escape predators : the squid can eject a cloud of ink through its siphon to startle predators and to create a smoke screen while it escapes.
63
Which organisms seen in lab with Platyhelminthes, Nematoda and Molluscs breath with gills?
The mussel and the squid.
64
What are metameres?
Repeated and homologous body segments. Found in Annelida.
65
What type of skeleton do annelids posses?
Hydrostatic skeleton
66
Which class of annelids is only found in marine environments?
Polychaeta
67
What is the name of the segment of the clamworm that contains the mouth?
Peristomium (Gr. peri=around, +stoma=mouth)
68
Name two functions of an annelid’s cuticle
I. Structural support
| II. Protection from the environment
69
Which organism(s) from Annelids and Echinodermata’s lab have/has parapodia?
Clamworm (a polychaete)
70
What is the basic mechanism for respiration in annelids?
Diffusion
71
Which two organisms that we examine in Annelids and Echinoderms lab have a clitellum?
```
>Earthworm (class Oligochaeta, Annelida)
>Leech (class Hirudinida, Echinodermata)
```
72
Which phylum and class do sea cucumbers belong to?
Phylum Echinodermata, class Holothuroidea
73
What is a nephridium?
Essentially, it is kind of a mini-kidney that is involved in waste excretion . Found in each body segments of earthworms.
74
Do annelids have a closed or an open circulatory system?
Closed circulatory system
75
Which phylum and class do leeches belong to?
Phylum Annelida, class Hirudinida
76
What type of symmetry is displayed by echinoderms?
Larvae is bilateral symmetry, adults display pentaradial symmetry
77
Name three structures associated with the water vascular system.
I. Tube feet
II. Radial canal
III. Madreporite
78
What are the two sections of a starfish’s stomach?
I. Pyloric stomach
| II. Cardiac stomach
79
Describe one way that you can differentiate between the dorsal and ventral side of an earthworm.
The more flattened side is the ventral side.
80
What is the function of the gizzard in the earthworm?
Physical digestion (grinding) of the food takes place within the gizzard
81
What is the function of the seminal receptacles?
These are female organs that store the sperm after copulation
82
Which phylum and class does the sea urchin belong to?
Phylum echinodermata, class Echinoidea
83
TRUE or FALSE. All Chordates are vertebrates.
False
84
Which specimens from chordate's lab are not vertebrates?
Sea squirt and lancelet.
85
Name a specimen from Lab 5 that is jawless
Lamprey
86
Which organism from chordate's lab is parasitic?
Lamprey
87
What is the role of the velum?
Uses muscular action to create water currents over the gills in lamprey
88
What is the function of the endostyle?
Involved in feeding for tunicates and lamprey larvae, homologous to typhoid gland in vertebrates
89
Which type of scales are typical of class Chondrichthyes?
Placoid scales
90
Which term refers to the electromagnetic sensors in a shark?
Ampullae of Lorenzini
91
What is the term for the gill cover in bony fishes?
Operculum
92
What can be sensed by the lateral line?
Vibrations and pressure gradients
93
What is the role of pyloric caeca?
Secretes digestive enzyme in the stomach in perches.
94
Which structure allows the perch to maintain neutral buoyancy?
Swim bladder
95
How many chambers are found in the perch heart?
2
96
What is the term for the third transparent eyelid in a frog?
Nictitating membrane
97
How many chambers are found in a frog heart?
3
98
How many chambers are found in the mammalian heart?
4
99
Name a specimen from chordate's lab that uses negative pressure breathing.
Rat
100
What are the components of the axial skeleton (name three)?
1. Skull
2. Vertebrae
3. Ribs
101
What are scutes?
What covers turtles shell, homologous to dermal scales in other reptiles.
102
What are the components of the appendicular skeleton (name three)?
1. Pectoral
2. Pelvic
3. Limb bones
103
What is the class name of bony fishes?
Actinopterygii
104
What is the class name of cartilaginous fishes?
Chondryichthyes
105
What is the class name of jaw less fish?
Petromyzontida
106
What are the 2 finger-like structure near the perche's stomach?
Pyloric ceca (secrete digestive enzymes into the stomach).
107
What brings oxygen to frog intestine?
Mesentery
108
What are the organs unique to rats?
1. Cecum (breaking down of cellulose)
| 2. Vesicular glands
109
What is the female structure in the garden spider?
Epigyne
110
What is the name of the pincers in crab?
Cheliped
