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Physiology > Lab Exam-Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam-Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define dorsal

A

toward the back

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2
Q

Define ventral

A

toward the belly

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3
Q

Define Lateral

A

toward the sides

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4
Q

Define median

A

near the middle

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5
Q

Define cranial

A

toward the head

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6
Q

Define caudal

A

toward the hind end (tail)

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7
Q

Define sagital

A

relating to the midplane (bisects left & right sides)

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8
Q

Define transverse

A

relating to the plane separating anterior & posterior

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9
Q

Define horizontal

A

relating to the plane separating dorsal and ventral

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10
Q

Define pectoral

A

relating to the chest & shoulder region

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11
Q

Define pelvic

A

relating to the hip region

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12
Q

Deine longitudinal

A

lengthwise

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13
Q

Define abdominal cavity

A

the area below the ribcage

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14
Q

Define thoracic cavity

A

the area above the ribcage

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15
Q

Define the origin of a muscle

A

the less movable end of the muscle

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16
Q

Define the insertion of a muscle

A

the more moveable attachment

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17
Q

What is the middle portion of a muscle called?

A

the belly

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18
Q

Define an agonist muscle

A

the contracted muscle out of a pair of opposing muscles

19
Q

Define an antagonist muscle

A

the relaxed muscle opposing the agonist

20
Q

What is the function of extensors?

A

straighten members such as fingers, arms, etc

21
Q

What is the function of flexors?

A

bend members such as fingers, arms, etc

22
Q

What is the function of rotators?

A

turn members on their axis

23
Q

What is the function of elevators?

A

lift or raise parts or structures

24
Q

What is the function of sphincters?

A

surround openings that close when muscles contract

25
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of biceps brachii muscle?

A

Origin: scapula
Insertion: on the radius, just distal to the humerus
Action: flexes & rotates the forearm

26
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of triceps muscle?

A

Origin: humerus and scapula
Insertion: ulna
Action: extends the elbow (forearm)

27
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of bicep femoris muscle?

A

Origin: sacral & caudal vertebrae
Insertion: distal end of femur, proximal end of tibia
Action: extend the hip, stifle (knee), hock (ankle)

28
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of gastrocnemius (calf) muscle?

A

Origin: medial/lateral epicondyle femur
Insertion: dorsal surface of tuber calcanei (achilles tendon)
Action: extend the hind foot

29
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of external oblique muscle?

A

Origin: 4th-12th ribs & lumbar fascia
Insertion: crest of ilium, pubis, linea alba
Action: compresses the abdominal region & supports the abdominal viscera

30
Q

What are the four salivary glands?

A

parotid, mandibular, sublingual, submaxillary

31
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have? And the right? Why is there a difference?

A

Left has two lobes and Right has three. Heart is located on the left

32
Q

What is the function of the thymus gland?

A

development of the immune system

33
Q

What does the diaphragm separate?

A

the thoracic and abdominal cavities

34
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

glycogen storage, plasma protein synthesis, drug detoxification, production of bile

35
Q

How many lobes does a rat liver have?

A

4 lobes: median lobe, right lateral lobe, caudate lobe, left lateral lobe

36
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

storage of bile (released in duodenum when fatty food enters the digestive tract). NOT IN RATS

37
Q

Define omentum

A

fatty tissue for fat storage. ‘Beer belly’ in men

38
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

storage site for platelets in humans, RBC destruction, production of lymphocytes

39
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

produces digestive enzymes, secretes insulin

40
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

41
Q

What are the four sections of the colon?

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

42
Q

Define the cecum

A

connecting the ileum with the ascending colon

43
Q

What is the function of the cecum?

A

aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose

44
Q

Where is the rectum located?

A

between sigmoid colon and anus

Physiology (8 decks)

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