Lab F - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Heart

Answer 1

A muscular pump responsible for moving blood throughout the body.

Question 2

Mediastinum

Answer 2

Area of the thoracic cavity (between the lungs). This is where the heart is located.

Question 3

Apex

Answer 3

Lies inferiorly and to the left in the mediastinum

Question 4

Atria (atrium- singular)

Answer 4

The superior two chambers that are larger and thinner walled.

Question 5

Ventricles

Answer 5

Two inferior chambers which make up the bulk of the heart.

Question 6

Auricles

Answer 6

Allow for more blood flow in the upper chambers- are located on the anterior surface of the atria.

Question 7

Interventricular sulci (anterior and posterior)

Answer 7

Separates the two ventricles on the heart surface by two long grooves.

Question 8

Coronary Arteries (Left and right)

Answer 8

The first two branches of the aorta. They wrap around the heart in the groove between the atria and ventricles- provide oxygen to myocardium. They lie just beyond the semilunar valve.

Question 9

Myocardium

Answer 9

Muscle tissue of the heart.

Question 10

Cardiac Veins

Answer 10

Where blood is drained during the cardiac cycle. They join to form the coronary (cardiac) sinus which empties into the right atrium.

Question 11

Superior and Inferior vena cavae

Answer 11

Located on the posterior side of the right atrium and function to bring blood to the heart from the body.

Question 12

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 12

Carry blood from the lungs and can be located on the posterior side of the left atrium.

Question 13

Large aorta

Answer 13

Leaves the left ventricle and gives off many branches, called arteries.

Question 14

Arteries

Answer 14

Carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Question 15

Pulmonary trunk

Answer 15

Arises from the right ventricle and branches into the pulmonary arteries and then into smaller arteries as they carry deoxygenated blood through the lungs.

Question 16

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 16

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.

Question 17

Aortic and semilunar valves

Answer 17

located at the base of the aorta and pulmonary arteries. FUNCTION!!!!

Question 18

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 18

The valves located between the atria and ventricles.

Question 19

Right atrioventricular

Answer 19

Has three cusps

Question 20

Left atrioventricular

Answer 20

Has two cusps- hence being called bicuspid or mitral valve.

Question 21

Tricuspid valve

Answer 21

The right atrioventricular valve with three cusps

Question 22

Chordae tendinae

Answer 22

Strong fibrous strings that prevent the cusps of the valves from opening back into the atria.

Question 23

Papillary muscles

Answer 23

Small mounds of muscle tissue on the ventricular walls that act to brace and anchor the chords during contraction.

Question 24

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 24

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the heart.

Question 25

Cardiac cycle

Answer 25

consists of all events associated with the flow of blood through the heart during a SINGLE heartbeat💙

Question 26

Diastole

Answer 26

Relaxation of the ventricle and atria

Question 27

Systole

Answer 27

When the ventricles begin to contract

Question 28

Contraction of Heart

Answer 28

A). atrial contraction, AV valves open, semilunar valves close; B). Ventricular contraction (systole) starts, initial pressure causes AV valves to close; C). Ventricular contraction continues, increased pressure causes semilunar valves to open.

Question 29

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 29

The pacemaker of the heart. Initiates an action potential that propagates throughout the atria, causing them to contract.

Question 30

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 30

This is stimulated by the SA node. As the atria are relaxing (atrial diastole beginning), the spread of of excitation from the AV node along the AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje fibers/subendocardial conducting network stimulates the ventricles to begin contraction.

Question 31

Radial artery

Answer 31

At the wrist. common for detecting and measuring pulse rate.

Question 32

Carotid artery

Answer 32

In the neck. common for detecting and measuring pulse rate.

Question 33

Pulse rate (heart rate)

Answer 33

Averages about 79-80 beats per minute at rest. Normal exercise heart rate for adults is 190 beats per minute.

Question 34

Stethoscope

Answer 34

Used to listen to body sounds.

Question 35

Auscultation

Answer 35

The process of using a stethoscope to listen to body sounds

Question 36

Auscultation

Answer 36

the process of using a stethoscope to listen to body sounds.

Question 37

Heart murmurs

Answer 37

abnormal heart sounds

Question 38

The first sound

Answer 38

"LUBB", occurs when the AV valves are forcefully shut during ventricular systole.

Question 39

The second sound

Answer 39

"DUBB", occurs when the semilunar valves close as the pressure in the ventricles drops during diastole.

Question 40

Incompetence

Answer 40

Abnormal sounds are heard when valves close incompletely

Question 41

Stenosis

Answer 41

When scarring prevents valves from opening fully.

Question 42

Electrocardiogram

Answer 42

Provides information about the heart rate, rhythm, state of myocardium, the presence or absence of hypertrophy, ischemia or necrosis, and abnormalities in conduction or distribution.

Question 43

Electrodes

Answer 43

Are placed on the body on opposite sides of the heart. This is detected by an ECG.

Question 44

Electrocardiograph (ECG) machine.

Answer 44

Detects and records the potential difference generated across the body.

Question 45

"P" wave

Answer 45

Shows the voltage changes caused by the depolarization of the atria prior to contraction.

Question 46

QRS complex (of waves)

Answer 46

Shows the voltage changes caused by the depolarization of the ventricles prior to contraction.

Question 47

"T" wave

Answer 47

Results from the repolarization of the ventricles.