Lab Final Flashcards by Kenzie Metke

Types of wheat

Bread wheat
Winter wheat
Durum wheat

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Inflorescence of bread wheat

Spike inflorescence with each spikelet containing a max of 5 florets

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Which floret is almost always sterile in bread wheat

The 5th

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What does bearded mean

The lemma has an extended awn called a beard

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Inflorescence of winter wheat

Spike inflorescence with each spikelet containing a max of 6 florets

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What does winter wheat require to grow

Vernilization

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Inflorescence of durum wheat

Spike inflorescence (same as any bearded bread wheat) and lemma always extended into a beard

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Lemma awn types

Beardless
Tip/apical awn
Bearded

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Tip/apical awn type

Lemma tip is extended to thin point or short awn

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Wheat seed characteristics

Small and oval
Many colours depending on type
Has crease down the centre

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Most wheat stems are ______

Hollow

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Inflorescence of barley

Spike inflorescence with 3 spikelets per rachis node, each containing a single floret

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Which spikelets are fertile in 6 row barley

All 3 spikelets

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Which spikelets are fertile in 2 row barley

The central spikelet. Other 2 are infertile

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Lemma awn texture types in barley

Smooth - no barbs
Semi rough - barbs on part of the awn
Rough - barbs on entire awn

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Barley seed characteristics

6 row has big and little seeds
2 row has even size seeds

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Characteristics of barley kernels

Hulled - lemma and palea (hull) remain attached
Hulless - lemma and palea (hull) come off during threshing

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Lemma awn type for barley

Awnless - all prairie barley have awns
Bearded - long coarse beard
Hooded - top of lemma develops in 3 forked structure

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Inflorescence of rye

Spike inflorescence with 1 spikelet per rachis node with 3 florets

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Which floret in rye is sterile

3rd upper floret. 2 lower are fertile

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Lemma characteristics in rye

Bearded and barbed

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Rye seed characteristics

Blue-green colour
Long and slender
Free threshing
Flat head

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Rye is the only cereal in Canada that requires _________

Cross pollination

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What disease is rye most susceptible to

Ergot

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Inflorescence of oat

Panicle inflorescence with each spikelet enclosing 3 florets

How to tell the difference between wild oat and oat

Wild oat seeds are hairy and have a sucker mouth. Has a twisted 90 degree dorsal lemma awn

What is a kernel from a wild oat and tame oat called

Fatuoid

What is triticale a hybrid of

Wheat and rye

Inflorescence of triticale

Spike inflorescence with 1 spikelet per rachis node with 5 florets

Maturing heads of triticale are _____

Pendulous

Triticale seed characteristics

Shape of rye seed with the colour of wheat

What it triticale mainly used for

Feed

Inflorescence of canary seed

Spike like panicle

Canaryseed seed characteristics

Small and shiny Black/dark Looks very similar to flax

What stages are cereal stages based on?

Germination, seedling, tillering, stem elongation, booting, inflorescence, anthesis, milk development, dough, ripening

Which side of the plant should the odd numbered tillers be on during cereal staging

Left

Germination and life cycle type ofcanola and mustard

Annual/biennial, epigeal

Characteristics of canola and mustard flowers

Terminal and axillary racemes with 4 sepals and petals, 6 stamen (4 tall, 2 short), and 1 pistil

What is the fruit of canola and mustard called

Silique

Types of canola species

Argentine and polish

How to tell the difference between argentine and polish canola

Argentine - leaves are blue-green and waxy, lower leaves have petioles, upper leaves are sessile are partially clasp the stem, fewer side branches, bigger and lighter yellow petals Polish - leaves are yellow-green, lower leaves are petiolate, upper leaves are sessile and clasp stem tightly, smaller and darker petals

Types of mustard species

Yellow, brown/oriental, ethiopian

How to tell yellow, brown/oriental, and Ethiopian mustard apart

Yellow - leaves and stem are pubescent, deeply lobed light green leaves that are petiolate, upper leaves are pinnatified Brown/oriental - lower leaves are lobed and petiolate, upper leaves are not lobed and sessile, stem is glaborous Ethiopian - stem is reddish or purplish and glabrous, leaves are glabrous and Grey green colour Light colour flowers

Life cycle and germination type of legumes

Annual, epigeal or hypogeal

Types of grain legumes in Saskatchewan

Field pea, lentil, faba bean, chickpea, dry beans, soybean

How many seeds are typically in a pea pod

4-9 seeds

2 types of lentils

Chilean (larger) and persian (smaller)

How many seeds are in lentil pods

1-2 seeds

What does faba bean seeds look like

Brown or cream, dark hilum, slightly pinched, oval

Types of chickpea

Desi (smaller and shorter) and kabuli (larger)

How many seeds are in a faba bean pod

4-6 seeds

How many seeds are in a chickpea pod

1-3 seeds

Growth patterns of dry beans

Indeterminate vine, indeterminate bush, determinate bush

Dry bean seed characteristics

Kidney bean or cylindrical, always have a white hilum

How many seeds are in a soybean pod

1-5 seeds

Life cycle and germination type of flax

Annual and epigeal

Main 2 types of flax

Fiber and oilseed

Life cycle,e and germination type of sunflower

Annual and epigeal

Types of sunflowers

Oilseed, confectionery

Safflower seed characteristics

White, 3 sided

Life cycle and germination type of quinoa

Annual and epigeal

Inflorescence type of quinoa

Dense panicle

Quinoa seed characteristics

2mm in diameter, yellow/tan

What does the seed coat on quinoa have to be removed

Very bitter taste

Hemp seed characteristics

Oval seed with a white band

Buckwheat

Fagopyrum esculentum

Caraway

Carum carvi

Coriander

Coriandrum sativum

Fenugreek

Trigonella foenum-graecum

Alfalfa

Medicago spp.

Bread wheat

Triticum aestivum

Winter wheat

Triticum aestivum

Durum wheat

Triticum durum

Barley

Hordeum vulgare

Rye

Scale cereale

Oat

Avena sativa

Triticale

Triticoscale

Canaryseed

Phalaris canariensis

Argentine canola

Brassica napus

Polish canola

Brassica rapa

Yellow mustard

Sinapis alba

Brown and oriental mustard

Brassica juncea

Ethiopian mustard

Brassica carinata

Camelina

Camelina sativa

Field pea

Pisum sativum

Lentil

Lens culinaris

Faba bean

Vicia faba

Chickpea

Cicer arietinum

Dry bean

Phaseolus vulgaris

Soybean

Glycine max

Flax

Linux usitatissimum

Sunflower

Helianthus annuus

Safflower

Carthamus tinorius

Quinoa

Chenopodium quinoa

Hemp

Cannabis sativa

Corn

Zea mays