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Parasitology > [Lab] Flagellates Part 1 > Flashcards

[Lab] Flagellates Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the subphylum of flagellates

A

Mastigophora

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2
Q

The whiplike locomotor apparatus in flagellates

A

Flagella

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3
Q

What is the infective stage for flagellates

A

Cyst (except for Trichomonas)

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4
Q

3 special organs of flagellates

A
  1. Undulating membrane
  2. Sucking disk
  3. Axostyle
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5
Q

Rudimentary mouth of most flagellates

A

Cytostome

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6
Q

What are the 3 non-commensal flagellates

A
  1. G. lamblia
  2. T. vaginalis
  3. D. fragilis
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7
Q

True of false: all flagellates undergo sexual reproduction

A

False (asexual through binary fission)

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8
Q

This flagellate inhabits the visceral organ and non–tissue invader. Only pathogenic intestinal flagellates that inhabit the small intestine.

A

G. lamblia/intestinalis/duodenalis

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9
Q

Structures to identify in a G. lamblia trophozoite

A
  1. Nuclei with karyosome
  2. Sucking discs
  3. Parabasal body
  4. Flagella
  5. Axostyle
  6. Axoneme
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10
Q

How many flagella does a G. lamblia trophozoite have

A

4

1 pair - anterior end
1 pair - posterior end
2 pairs - central

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11
Q

Shape and appearance of G. lamblia trophozoite

A

Pear-shaped and bilaterally symmetrical

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12
Q

Size of G. lamblia trophozoite

A

Length - 8-20
Width - 5-16

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13
Q

How many nuclei does a G lamblia trophozoite have

A

2

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14
Q

Karyosome of G. lamblia: large or small

A

Large

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15
Q

Special organs of G. lamblia trophozoite

A
  1. 2 median (parabasal) bodies
  2. 2 axonemes
  3. Sucking disk
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16
Q

Structures to identify in a G. lamblia cyst

A
  1. Nuclei
  2. Finely granular cytoplasm
  3. Cyst wall
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17
Q

Size of a G. lamblia cyst

A

Length 8-17
Width 6-10

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18
Q

Shape of G. lamblia cyst

A

Ovoid

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19
Q

No. of nuclei of G. lamblia cyst

A

4 (2 mature and 2 immature)

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20
Q

Karyosome of G. lamblia cyst

A

Centrally located

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21
Q

Cytoplasm of G. lamblia cyst

A

Retracted from cell wall

22
Q

Special organs of G. lamblia cyst

A
  1. Pair of parabasal body
  2. Interior flagellar structures
  3. Oblique axostyle
23
Q

MOT of G. lamblia

A

Ingestion of cyst from contaminated food/water

24
Q

What are the infective and diagnostic stage of G. lamblia

25
Excystation of G. lamblia occurs in
Duodenum
26
Encystation of G. lamblia occurs in
Large intestine
27
2 diseases caused by G. lamblia
1. Giardiasis 2. Traveler’s/Hiker’s/Backpacker’s diarrhea
28
Pathology of G. lamblia
1. Intense inflammation in the intestinal mucosa result to secretions of abundant mucus. 2. Lead to malabsorption of fats and carbohydrates (steatorrhea)
29
Epidemiology of G. lamblia
In warm, moist climates, especially in children + poor environmental sanitation
30
Risk factors of G. lamblia
1. Poor hygiene 2. Poor sanitation 3. Overcrowding 4. Bacterial and fungal overgrowth in the small intestine 5. Homosexual practices
31
Specimen of interest for G. lamblia
1. Stool 2. Duodenal contents (for trophozoites)
32
Techniques used for recovery of G. lamblia
1. Entero-test/string test 2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 3. Small bowel biopsies (for patients with negative stool)
33
Treatment for G. lamblia
1. Metronidazole 2. Furazolidone = for children under 5 years old
34
Prevention and control for G. lamblia
1. Proper water treatment. 2. Avoid using human excreta as fertilizer for vegetables 3. Prevent food contamination from flies and infected food handlers.
35
Structures of identify for Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite SNFAC
1. Spiral groove 2. Nucleus 3. Flagella 4. Achromatic granules 5. Cytostome
36
Size of C. mesnili trophozoite
Length - 5-25 Width - 5-10
37
Shape of C. mesnili trophozoite
Pear-shaped
38
No. of flagella of C. mesnili trophozoite
4 (3 anterior, 1 posterior)
39
Motility of G. lamblia trophozoite
Jerky/kite-like/falling leaf
40
Motility of C. mesnili trophozoite
Stiff, rotary fashion, directional/cork-screw
41
Karyosome of C. mesnili trophozoite
Small, distinct, central or eccentric
42
Special organs of C. mesnili trophozoite
1. Prominent cytostome (1/3-1/2 body length) 2. Spiral groove
43
Structures of identify for Chilomastix mesnili cyst
1. Knob-like protuberance 2. Cyst wall 3. Nucleus
44
Size of C. mesnili cyst
Length 5-10
45
Shape of C. mesnili cyst
Lemon-shaped/Oval-shaped/Nipple-shaped Knob-like protuberance at anterior end
46
No. of nuclei of C. mesnili cyst
1
47
Cytoplasm of C. mesnili cyst
Densely granular
48
Karyosome of C. mesnili cyst
Large, central
49
Special organ of C. mesnili cyst
Well-defined cytostome
50
Prevention and Control of C. mesnili
1. Proper sanitation 2. Personal hygiene

Parasitology (4 decks)

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