LAB fluids

Question 1

5 reasons fluids are used

Answer 1

• Replace hydration deficits
• Maintain normal hydration
• Correct hypovolemia
• Replace electrolytes and nutrients
• Serve as a vehicle for infusing IV medications

Question 2

% of dehydration

Mild to moderate decreased skin turgor, possibly sunken eyes, dry oral mucous membranes, slight tachycardia, and normal pulse pressure

Answer 2

7

Question 3

% of dehydration

History of fluid loss but no findings on physical examination

Answer 3

<5

Question 4

% of dehydration

Moderate to marked degree of decreased skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry oral mucous membranes, tachycardia, and decreased pulse pressure.

Answer 4

10

Question 5

% of dehydration

Dry oral mucous membranes but no panting or pathological tachycardia

Answer 5

5

Question 6

% of dehydration

Marked loss of skin turgor, dry oral mucous membranes, and significant signs of shock.

Answer 6

12

Question 7

intracellular fluid accounts for ___ of total body fluid

Answer 7

2/3

Question 8

extracellular fluid accounts for ___ of total body fluid

Answer 8

1/3

Question 9

normal intravascular volume in dogs

Answer 9

90 ml/kg

Question 10

normal intravascular volume in cats

Answer 10

45 ml/kg

Question 11

Maintenance needs or correction of non-life-threatening dehydration should be given via (3)

Answer 11

• oral
• SQ
• intraperitoneal

Question 12

these should be given SQ

Answer 12

isotonic fluid solutions

Question 13

Treatment of hypovolemia should be given via (2)

Answer 13

• IV

- intraosseous

Question 14

Water-based solutions containing small-molecular weight solutes that can pass freely through vascular endothelium

Answer 14

crystalloids

Question 15

these fluids are similar in composition to extracellular fluid

Answer 15

crystalloids

Question 16

capillary membrane is permeable to these solutions

Answer 16

crystalloids

Question 17

these fluids include electrolytes (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl) dextrose, and alkalinizing agents (acetate, gluconate, lactate)

Answer 17

crystalloids

Question 18

these can differ in solute concentration and degree of tonicity (i.e. the osmotic pressure of the solution)

Answer 18

crystalloids

Question 19

these types of crystalloid solutions contain solute concentrations similar to those in ECF

Answer 19

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

Question 20

these types of crystalloid solutions typically contain a number of electrolytes

Answer 20

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

Question 21

these types of crystalloid solutions have an osmolarity that is similar to the extracellular fluid compartment

Answer 21

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

Question 22

which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of?

• Lactated Ringer’s Solution
• Plasma-Lyte A and R
• Normosol-R

Answer 22

Isotonic, polyionic, REPLACEMENT solutions

Question 23

these types of crystalloid solutions contain lower concentrations of Na+ and Cl-

Answer 23

Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions

Question 24

these types of crystalloid solutions are used for fluid therapy that extends over a long period of time

Answer 24

Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions

Question 25

which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of? - Normosol-M in 5% dextrose - Plasma-Lyte 56 in 5% dextrose

Answer 25

Isotonic, polyionic, MAINTENANCE solutions

Question 26

this type of crystalloid solution contains only Na+ and Cl- in water

Answer 26

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

Question 27

this type of crystalloid solution is an unbalanced solution

Answer 27

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

Question 28

this type of crystalloid solution is sometimes used instead of isotonic, polyionic, replacement fluid solutions

Answer 28

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

Question 29

this type of crystalloid solution is also known as 0.9% NaCl, physiologic saline

Answer 29

Normal saline solution (isotonic)

Question 30

this type of crystalloid solution has a greater osmolarity than extracellular fluid

Answer 30

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

Question 31

this type of crystalloid solution creates an osmotic gradient that causes rapid movement of water into the vascular space

Answer 31

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

Question 32

this type of crystalloid solution is used in the treatment of shock

Answer 32

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

Question 33

which type of crystalloid solutions are these examples of? - 3% NaCl - 5% NaCl - 7.5% NaCl

Answer 33

Hypertonic saline solution (hypertonic)

Question 34

Dextrose be added to water or to another polyionic crystalloid fluid solution to create solutions with dextrose concentrations of __-__%

Answer 34

2.5% - 5%

Question 35

this is rapidly metabolized into CO2 and water

Answer 35

dextrose

Question 36

Dextrose be added to water or to another ____ fluid solution to create solutions with dextrose concentrations of 2.5 - 5%

Answer 36

polyionic crystalloid

Question 37

these are water-based solutions containing large-molecular weight solutes that are not able to pass through vascular endothelium

Answer 37

colloids - group

Question 38

these increase osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure) in the intravascular space

Answer 38

colloids - group

Question 39

these oppose the movement of water from the intravascular space to the extravascular space

Answer 39

colloids - group

Question 40

these decrease the volume of crystalloid fluids needed to treat a patient by 40-60%

Answer 40

colloids - group