Lab Midterm

Question 1

ABO discrepancy

Answer 1

ABO forward and reverse grouping do not agree

Question 2

Agglutination

Answer 2

Clumping of red cells resulting from interaction of antibody and its corresponding antigen

Question 3

Antibody

Answer 3

A protein substance secreted by plasma cells that is developed in response to an antigen. Antibody is found in commercial reagent serum/plasma

Question 4

Antibody screen

Answer 4

Testing scrum/plasma with group O reagent cells to detect atypical antibodies otherthan anti-A, anti-B, o anti-AB

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

A substance recognized by the body as foreign which can cause an immune response. In TS antigens at usually found on RBCs

Question 6

AHG

Answer 6

An antibody prepared in rabbits or by monoclonal means that is directed against human immunoglobulin (IgG) or complement

Question 7

Antihuman Globulin Test

Answer 7

Test used to detect the presence or absence of red cell coating by IgG or complement bridge between sensitized cells creating agglutination

Question 8

Antiserum

Answer 8

A reagent source of antibody

Question 9

Check cells

Answer 9

Red cells sensitized with IgG or complement that will be agglutinate with AHG reagent if available. Check cells are added to negative AHG tests. Tests should then become positive indicating that AHG is present and active

Question 10

Compatibility testing

Answer 10

All pre transfusion testing performed on a potential transfusion recipient. Typically includes type and screen on the recipients blood and a cross match. Attempts to predict if donor blood will survive in the recipient and induce improvement in the recipients clinical condition

Question 11

Crossmatch

Answer 11

Testing performed between a recipient and prospective donor for compatibility

Question 12

Direct antiglobulin test

Answer 12

Used to detect in vivo red cel, sensitization

Question 13

Forward grouping

Answer 13

Testing red cell with known reagent antisera to determine the presence or absence of ABO antigens

Question 14

Hemolysis

Answer 14

Release I’d hemoglobin into the plasma due to disruption of the red cell membrane

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

Possessing different alleles at a given locus

Question 16

Homozygous

Answer 16

Possessing a pair of identical alleles

Question 17

Indirect antiglobulin test

Answer 17

Used to detect antigen-antibody reactions that occur in vitro

Question 18

Mixed field agglutination

Answer 18

An agglutination pattern in which a population of the red cells has agglutinated and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated

Question 19

Panel

Answer 19

A large number of group O reagent red cells that are known antigenic characterization and are used for antibody identification

Question 20

Phenotyping

Answer 20

Process of determining the presence or absence of antigens on the red cells has agglutinated and the remainder of the red cells are not agglutinated

Question 21

Plasma

Answer 21

Liquid portion of whole blood containing water, electrolytes, glucose, fats, proteins, and gases. It contained all the clotting facets necessary for coagulation but in an inactive form. Once coagulation occurs the fluid is converted serum

Question 22

PEG

Answer 22

Water soluble polymer that removes water from the test environment. It may increase the antibody concentration in the test mixture. It is an antibody potentiator or enhancement medium that may be used in IAT procedure

Question 23

Reverse grouping

Answer 23

Testing plasma with reagent A and B red cells to determine the presence or absence of ABO antibodies. Test is performed to confirm forward grouping

Question 24

Reuleaux

Answer 24

Pseudo agglutination of red cells in the presence of plasma expanders or abnormal plasma proteins

Question 25

Saline

Answer 25

0.9% NaCl in water. This provides an isotonic solution.

Question 26

Sensitization

Answer 26

The binding of antibody or complement components to a red cell

Question 27

Screening cells

Answer 27

Group O reagent red cell that are used in the antibody detection. A set consists of two or three vials that is capable of detecting most clinically significant red cell antibodies

Question 28

Type and screen

Answer 28

Testing a persons blood for ABO group, Rh type, and atypical antibodies. The sample is retained in the event that subsequent crossmatching is necessary

Question 29

Weak D

Answer 29

A weak form of the D antigen that may require an indirect antiglobulin test for detection