Lab Midterm

Question 1

what is the formula to find the total magnification on a microscope?

Answer 1

objective lens x10

Question 2

blood is a

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

what type of formed element is suspended in the liquid portion of blood?

Answer 3

plasma

Question 4

the solid part of blood consists of

Answer 4

• leukocytes
• thrombocytes

Question 5

leukocytes are

Answer 5

white blood cells

Question 6

thrombocytes are

Answer 6

platelets or cell fragments

Question 7

what two types are leukocytes classified into

Answer 7

1. granular leukocytes
2. agranular leukocytes

Question 8

granulocytes are further broken down into

Answer 8

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 9

agranulocytes are further broken down into

Answer 9

• lymphocytes
• monocytes

Question 10

all blood and lymph cells are derived from a common precursor known as

Answer 10

pluripotent stem cell

Question 11

the myeloid stem cells give rise to

Answer 11

• erythrocytes
• leukocytes
• monocytes
• thrombocytes

Question 12

the lymphoid stem cell gives rise to

Answer 12

B & T lymphocytes

Question 13

what are known as cancers of the blood and lymphatic systems?

Answer 13

leukemia’s & lymphomas

Question 14

leukemias arise in

Answer 14

blood forming cells

Question 15

lymphomas arise from

Answer 15

lymphocytes/ macrophages

Question 16

how many types of white blood cells are there?

Answer 16

• granular leukocytes
• agranular leukocytes

Question 17

what are the functions of white blood cells?

Answer 17

to protect the body from infection & disease

Question 18

in leukemias do WBC increase or decrease in number?

Answer 18

increase

Question 19

define hematopoesis

Answer 19

how blood cells differentiate from stem cells

Question 20

what is polycythemia?

Answer 20

the excessive accumulation of red blood cells

Question 21

hairy cell leukemia give a

Answer 21

hairy appearance to leukocytes

Question 22

how many blood cells are in 1 mm3 of blood?

Answer 22

about 5 million

Question 23

why do red blood cells appear like donuts?

Answer 23

b/c they lack a nucleus

Question 24

how many liters of blood are present in a normal young adult?

Answer 24

about 5

Question 25

list the 4 steps in forward pipetting

Answer 25

1. first stop 2. pipette in container, release slowly, remove excess liquid 3. fist stop 4. second stop

Question 26

list the 4 steps in reverse pipetting

Answer 26

1. second stop 2. pipette in container, touch tip 3. first stop 4. discard remaining volume

Question 27

4 step procedure for serial dilutions

Answer 27

1. 8 test tubes 2. 1 ml H2O in 2-8 3. undiluted compound in 1-2 4. 1 ml from 2-3 3-4 4-5...

Question 28

what reagent substitution is not substitutable?

Answer 28

mono/tri-basic dibasic is substitutable

Question 29

in each case weigh dry reagents first add to flask then add

Answer 29

remaining volume of water or solvent

Question 30

what instrument is used to count cells?

Answer 30

hemocytometer

Question 31

list the steps in unstained cell counting

Answer 31

1. clean hemocytometer & cover slide 2. 100 microL in Eppendorf tube 3. 10 microL in hemocytometer 4. count cells in outer 4 corners

Question 32

what stain was used to determine cell viability?

Answer 32

trypan blue

Question 33

list the steps in stained cell counting

Answer 33

1. clean hemocytometer & cover slide 2. 100 microL in Eppendorf tube 3. 100 microL of trypan blue 4. 10 microL in hemocytometer 5. count cells in outer 4 corners

Question 34

cells are categorized according to

Answer 34

- cell origin - manner of growth

Question 35

primary cells are cells that have been

Answer 35

isolated directly from tissue

Question 36

continuous cells have a higher

Answer 36

- growth rate - cloning efficiency - tumorigenicity - viable chromosome compliment

Question 37

transformed cells have been changed from

Answer 37

normal cells to cells w/ cancer properties

Question 38

suspension cells grow

Answer 38

suspended in the growth medium

Question 39

adherent cells grow in a

Answer 39

monolayer attached to the surface of a culture vessel

Question 40

what is a subdivision of adherent growth

Answer 40

- anchorage-dependent - anchorage-independent

Question 41

anchorage-dependent cells require

Answer 41

attachment to a surface for cell proliferation

Question 42

anchorage-independent cells do NOT

Answer 42

require attachment for cell proliferation

Question 43

most cells used in research are

Answer 43

anchorage-dependent adherent cells

Question 44

when removing a culture flask from the incubator its important to take note of

Answer 44

- color of medium - clarity/ cloudiness - clumped cells

Question 45

yellowish medium is ________ and can indicate

Answer 45

acidic 1. overgrown culture 2. bacterial contamination 3. too much CO2

Question 46

orange medium in only slightly _________ and can indicate

Answer 46

acidic 1. cells are healthy & growing NOT feeding 2. cells may need to be passaged

Question 47

purplish media is _____________ and can indicate

Answer 47

alkaline 1. sparse non-growing culture 2. mold contamination 3. little CO2

Question 48

for RNA isolation it is always important to

Answer 48

wear gloves and spray them w/ isopropanol

Question 49

isolation of RNA can be applied to

Answer 49

- biosystematics - function of sRNAs - gene knockouts & silencing - pathway mapping - genomic profiling & diagnostics

Question 50

list the 5 main protocol steps in RNA isolation

Answer 50

1. transfer of lysate/ethanol mixture 2. wash w/ 180microL wash 1 3. x2 wash w/ 180microL wash 2 4. discard flow-through & centrifuge for 1 min 5. RNA in micro elution tube w/ 2x 15microL elution solution