Lab Midterm Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
land plants exhibit the sexual life cycle of
A
sporic meiosis
2
Q
What is a protonema
A
a haploid meiospore multicellualar filament in liverworts and mosses
3
Q
what phyla has homosporous members
A
arthrophyta
4
Q
What phylum are red algae
A
rhodophyta
5
Q
kingdom that includes protozoans, algae, and slime molds
A
protista
6
Q
sporangia, spores, plasmodium, and plasmodial growth are all in which phylum
A
myxogastrida
7
Q
are arthrophyta homosporous or heterosporous
A
Homo
8
Q
are lycophta homosporous or heterosporous
A
heterosporous
9
Q
what is homospory
A
10
Q
what is heterospory
A
11
Q
what are gymnosperms
A
12
Q
seed coat
A
outside of bean
13
Q
Cotyledons
A
bean half shaped first leavesep
14
Q
Epicotyl
A
first real bean leaves
15
Q
hypocotyl
A
becomes bean stem
16
Q
radicle
A
becomes bean root
17
Q
4 phylums of gymnosperms
A
cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta
18
Q
what is xylem
A
in seedless vascular plants, for water and minerals
only flows from roots up
19
Q
wha tis phloem
A
in seedless vascular plants, for carbs and other nutrients
flows in any direction
20
Q
4 phylums of seedless vascular platns
A
lycophyta, psilophyta, arthrophta, pterophta
21
Q
3 nonvascular plant phyla
A
Bryophyta, hepatophtya, anthocerophyta
22
Q
what is the largest group of seedless vascular plants
A
pterophtya
23
Q
When the celery stalk was planted in a dye water, where all was dye found
A
only the xylem
24
Q
can leaves take water through the pores?
A
no
25
Typically, flowering plants endosperm is ______ (_n)
triploid (3n)
26
the primary role of fruits is to ___
disperse seeds
27
In pollen development in flowering plants, a haploid microspore produced via meiosis undergoes ____ to make a __-celled pollen grain
mitosis; 2-celled
28
flowering plants are all in the phylum
anthophyta
29
embryo sac
mature female gametophyte
30
double fertilization
one sperm fertilizes egg to make zygote and the other fertilizes polar bodies to makes 3n endosperm (for food)
31
what does angiosperms mean
"seed in vessel"
32
what are the 2 major clades of the phylum Anthophyta
Monocots: 1 seed leaf (cotyledon), 3 flower parts, Parallel venation of vasc tissue
Eudicots: 2 seed leaf, 4/5 flower parts, leaves w netlike venation of vasc tissue
33
What is a cotyledon
seed leaf
34
what are the parts of the ovary wall of fruits? what is the ovary wall called?
Ovary wall: Pericarp
Exocarp: outerwall
mesocarp
endocarp: inner wall next to seed
35
If material outside of ovary is included, the fruit is an _______
accessory fruit
36
3 forms of fruit:
simple: derived from 1 pistil
aggregate: from separate carpels on one flower
multiple: from multiple flowers
37
2 types of dry fruit
dehiscent: splits open at maturity
indehiscent: doesn't split
38
Male part of flower=
Female=
Male= anther
Female= ov
39
one or more carpels=
pistil
40
Flowerparts attached to receptacle in 4 _____.
what are the 4 parts
whorls
calyx- sepals (calyx means cover)
corolla- petals (think of a car)
androecium- stamens (male)
gynoecium- carpels (female_
41
Complete, incomplete, perfecrt, and imperfect flowers
Com: calyx+corolla+androecium+gynoecium
incom: 1+ whorls missing
perf: both androecium and gynoecium
imperf: missing andro or gyno
42
connation vs adnation
conn: fused within a whorl
adnation: fusing btw whorls
43
what are the "seed leaves" that are part of a dormant embryo in a seed
cotyledon
44
what are apical meristems
the growing tips of roots and stems
45
What life cycle do all sexual reproducing fungi have
zygotic meiosis
46
what are the conditions from growing in the dark called?
etiolation
46
what is an example of etiolation
longer stem for plants grown in the dark
47
sac fungi are characterized by having the products of meiosis formed in the _____
ascus
48
what acid is used in lab 6 to show the effect on dwarf and tall corn/pea plants
gibberellic acid
49
These are three locomotive structures associated with protists
Flagella, cilia, pseudopoida
50
Phylum of large, multicellular
marine algae whose pigments are
especially efficient in absorbing the
green, violet, and blue light that penetrates into the deepest ocean
waters.
Rhodophyta (Red alge)
51
Marine ameboids that secrete tiny calcareous tests
Foraminiferans
52
What phylum are liverwarts
Hepatophyta
53
This phylum contains only 1 living
genus with 15 species
arthrophyta
54
A cone-like structure that consists
of a cluster of sporophyllls
Strobilus
55
Root-like structures in nonvascular plants
rhizoids
56
Term for separate male and female
sporophytes
Dioecious
57
Called “naked seed plants”
because seeds are not covered by fruit
Gymnosperms
58
Food source inside the seed for the
dormant embryonic plant
endosperm
59
These aid in the dispersal of spores
elaters
60
The growing tips of stems and roots
Apical meristems
61
Term to describe a fruit that develops from many separate ovaries in a single flower
aggregate
62
Flowers with all 4 whorls are said to be this
Complete
63
Composite organisms including both a fungus and a photosynthetic partner living together in symbiosis
lichens
64
Sac Fungi phylum
ascomycota
65
Club-shaped reproductive
structures on which basidiospores resulting from meiosis are produced
Basidia
66
This occurs by fragmentation of the
mycelium or by the production of spores within sporangia or at the tips of modified hyphae.
Asexual reproduction
67
The term to describe fungal hyphae containing two nuclei
dikaryotic
68
6 phylums in phyla
Protozoans
Protists
Ciliophora, Apicomplexa, Radiolaria, Foraminifera, Eugenozoa, Gynoamoeba
(CARFEG)
69
What phylum is marine and secretes siliceous (glass-like) tests that are extremely fragile
Phylym Radiolaria
70
What movement is associated with Ciliates, flagellates, and pseudopodia
C: Fast, smooth
F: Slower, spiraling
P: slow, oozing
71
Ciliate with large, darkly stained macronucleus
Paramecium (Ciliophora)
72
Has many pseudopodia for locomotion and food capture
Ameoba (Gymnamoeba)
73
Parasitic flagellate living in vertebrate
Trypanosomes (euglenozoa)
74
Lives in blood of mammals + birds causes malaria
Plasmodium (apicomplexa)
75
Protists Phyla
4 Phylum of Algae
Cholorophyta (Green), Phaeophyta (brown), Rhodophyta (Red), Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) (CPRB)
76
Spore Forming parasite phylum
apicomplexa
77
What is the larges phylum of algae?
green
78
Unicellular, motile algae with 2 anterior flagella.
Has cup-shaped chloroplast and eyespot
Chlamydomonas
79
Colonial green algae
______ flattened + held together by gelatinous material
______ large spheres, covered in daughter colonies
Gonium
Volvox
Chlorophyta (Green)
80
non-motile, colonial algae
Multinucleate seperated by crosswalls
Hydrodictyon
Chlorophyta (green)
81
Non-motile, unbranced filament algae
Oedogonium
Chlorophyta (Green)
82
Ulva
_____cellular, large algae
_________ alternation of generations
mutlicellular organisms
isomorphic
83
Phylum includes marine seaweed and kelps
Large multicellular w/ flattened blade, stipe, and holdfast
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
84
Multicellular marine algae
Often found in deep waters and good at capturing green, blue, and violet waves
Rhodophyta (red)
85
What phylum are plasmodial slime molds
Phylum Myxogastria
86
Non-walled, multinucleate masses of protoplasm
plasmodial slime molds
87
In harsh conditions, plasmodial slime molds enter an alternate life form in which_____________ are produced
sporangia (stalked fruiting bodies)
88
what does plasmodium mean when italicized? Not italicized?
I: genus of phylum apicomplexa that is parastic (malaria)
not I: feeding stage of phylum myxogastrida slime molds
89
What life cycle are chlamydomonas and oedogonium
zygotic meiosis
90
What is the life cycle of Ulva
alternation of generations
91
What is the difference between gametic and zygotic meiosis
Z: Zygote directly undergoes meiosis and lives haploid. Undergoes Mitosis as 1N
G: Gametes formed directly by meiosis and lives diploid. Undergoes mitosis as 2N
92
What is alternation of generation (sporic meiosis)
mitosis in 2 positions in life cycle forms 2 distinct multicellular generation. Meiosis forms spores
93
3 phylum of non-vasc plants
Bryophyta (true moss), Anthocerophyta (hornworts), Hepatophyta (liverworts) (BAH)
94
What color is the gametophye and sporophyte in Phylum Bryophyta
Gam: Green
Sporo: Brown
95
What is the key structure for Phylum Bryophyta
sporophyte capsule
96
What are the 3 key structures for phylum hepatophyta
Gemma cup, antheridiophores, archegoniophores
97
What is unique about the sporophytes in phylum anthocerophyta
they can preform photosynthesis and therefore are green
98
Sporangium/sporangia
capsule structure that holds spores
99
Protonema/protonemata
germinated meiospores that are a filament of cells
100
antheridium
archegonium
anth: male
arch: female
101
seta
stalk of sporophyte
102
gametophyte
Sporophyte
G: haploid, gamete forming
sporo: diploid, spore forming
103
4 phylums of Seedless vasc plants
Psilophyta (whiskferns), arthrophyta (horsetail), pterophyta (true ferns), Lycophyta (Clubmoss) (PAPL)
104
fronds
Fern leaves
105
sori
cluster of sporangia in ferns (things under leaves)
106
prothallus
Thalloid structure in gametophyte generation
107
fiddlehead
tightly coiled new leaves on ferns
108
seed coat
outside of bean
109
cotyledons
bean half shaped first leaves
110
epicotyl
first real bean leaves
111
hypocotyl
becomes bean stem
112
radicle
becomes root
113
4 phylums in gymnosperms "Naked seeds"
Ginkgophya, Gnetophya, Cycadophyta, coniferophyta (GGCC)
114
Gymnosperm phylum with diecious nature
Ginkgophyta
115
What term means "seed in a vessel"
angiosperms
116
Other structures that may contribute to the fruit _______
accessory structures
117
What phylum are angiosperms and what are the 2 major clades
Anthophyta
Clades: eudicots, monocots
118
3 key characteristics of monocots
One cotyledon(seed leaf)
Flower parts in multiple of 3
Leaves w parallel venation
119
3 key characteristics of eudicots
2 cotyledons
Flower parts in multiples of 4/5
net live venation
120
What are the 4 whorls from outide-in
calyx-sepals
corolla- petals
androecium-stamens (M)
gynoecium-carpels (F)
121
Complete, incomplete, perfect, and imperfect flowers
Complete: all 4 whorls
in: missing 1+ whorl
perfect: both androecium & gynoecium
im: missing andro or gynoecium
122
Connation vs adnation
con: fuse within whorls
pro: fuse btw whorls
123
what is the ovary wall of fruits called
pericarp
124
if the ovary wall of a fruit is included, the fruit is an ____
accessory fruit
125
Simple, aggreate, multiple
Simple: 1 pistil
ag: separate carpels
multi: mutli flowers
126
dehiscent vs indehiscent fruit
de: splits open at maturity
in: doesn't split open
127
What is the life cycle of fruits
alternation of generation (sporic)
128
Embryo sac
mature female gametophyte
129
double fertilization
one sperm fertilizes egg to make zygote and other fertilizes polar bodies to make 3N endosperm
130
what is endosperm used for
food in baby plants
131
Is a pineapple:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?
fleshy, multi
132
Is magnolia:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?
Dry, aggregate
133
Is a strawberry:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory
dry, aggregate, accessory
134
is an acorn:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?
simple dry
135
is a tomato:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?
fleshy, simple
136
is an apple:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?
simple, fleshy, accessory
137
is a cucumber:
fleshy or dry?
simple, multiple, or aggregate?
accessory?
simple, fleshy, accessory
138
what does auxin tell the plant to do?
not grow outward
139
what does gibberellin tell a plant to do?
grow tallerw
140
hat is etiolation and what does it cause
due to growth in dark:
stem elongation, poor leaf development, lack of chlorophyll
141
What are asexual spores called
conidia + conidiophores
142
what is the asexual fungi stage called
imperfect
143
sexual fungi undergo ___________ m___osis and are produced in the _______
zygotic meiosis
gametanga
144
plasmogamy + karyogamy = _________
(and definitions)
syngamy
plasmogamy: fungal cells fuse plasma (N + N)
karyogamy: nuclei fuse making a 2N
145
what fungal group is defined by ascus
ascomycota
sac like
sac breaks open to release spores
146
What fungal is defined by basidum? where does meiosis happen?
Basidiomycota
Basidiospores
147
science name for: cap, gills, ring, and stalk of fungi
cap=pileus
gills=lamella
ring=annulus
stalk=stipe
148
2 symbolic relations w lichens
mycobiont: heterotrophic fungus offers shelter
photobiont: autotrophic alge produces food
149
3 forms of lichens
crustose, foliose, frutiose
