Lab Operations

Question 1

What is a profit center?

Answer 1

A departement that generates billable services.

Question 2

What is a cost center?

Answer 2

Part of a facility that provide services to benefit the entire institution but cannot be directly assigned an individual chargable item

Question 3

What is a billable procedure?

Answer 3

A test for which the laboratory may issue a charge.

Question 4

What is tort law?

Answer 4

Torts are harmful acts committed against a person or property that are wrong. The harm may be physical or emotional

Question 5

What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)?

Answer 5

Law desigend to implement security standards for handling protected health information which includes anything in the patient’s health record that could be used to identify the patient.

Question 6

Refer to the symbol below:

What is the meaning for each color depicted?

Answer 6

• Blue → health hazard
• Red → fire hazard
• Yellow→ reactivity hazard
• White → Specific hazard

Question 7

Refer to the symbol below:

What do the numbers respresent in the blue column?

Answer 7

• 4 = deadly
• 3 = extreme danger
• 2 = hazardous
• 1 = slightly hazardous
• 0 = normal

Question 8

Refer to the symbol below:

What do the numbers represent in the yellow column?

Answer 8

Reactivity:

• 4 = may detonate
• 3 = shock / heat may detonate
• 2 = violent
• 1 = unstable if heated
• 0 = stable

Question 9

Refer to the symbol below:

What do the numbers represent in the red column?

Answer 9

Flash points:

• 4 = below 73^oF
• 3 = below 100^oF
• 2 = between 100^o - 200^oF
• 1 = Above 200^oF
• 0 = will not burn

Question 10

Refer to the photo below.

What does this symbol mean?

Answer 10

Do not add water to substance.

Question 11

Refer to the photo below.

What is the meaning of this symbol?

Answer 11

Radiation hazard

Question 12

Refer to the photo below.

What is the meaning of this symbol?

Answer 12

Explosive hazard

Question 13

Refer to the photo below.

What is the meaning of this symbol?

Answer 13

Flammable hazard

Question 14

Refer to the photo below.

What is the meaning of this symbol?

Answer 14

Corrosive hazard

Question 15

Refer to the photo below.

What is the meaning of this symbol?

Answer 15

Biohazard

Question 16

TP gene has a frequency of 0.85 in the population. What is the gene frequency for it’s antithetical allele (TQ)?

Answer 16

TQ gene frequency = 0.15

Question 17

How many centimeters are in 5 meters?

Answer 17

500 cm

Question 18

What is the formula for converting celsius to farhenheit?

Answer 18

See below:

Question 19

Refer to the illustration below:

What is this diagram called?

Answer 19

Gaussian curve

Question 20

How is analyte concentration expressed in a percent solution?

Answer 20

The amount of solute per 100 total units of solution are expressed as:

• w/w = grams of solute per 100 g
• v/v = mililiters of solute per 100 ml
• w/v = grams / dL of solution

Question 21

What is molarity?

Answer 21

Molarity describes the number of moles per 1 liter of solution.

Question 22

What is molality?

Answer 22

Molality describes the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent (w/w).

Question 23

What is normality?

Answer 23

Normality describes the number of gram equivalent weight per 1 liter of solution.

Question 24

What solution is recommended by the CDC for disinfection of laboratory surfaces?

Answer 24

1:10 sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution

Question 25

List 5 categories of fire, stating examples of combustible material for each category:

Answer 25

*See table below:*

Question 26

What is quality management?

Answer 26

Quality management is a system - wide process of ensuring quality patient care.

Question 27

List at least 3 instances in which you should wear gloves:

Answer 27

1. Handling blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions and contaiminated items 2. Touching mucous membranes and non-intact skin 3. Before patient contact 4. After gloves are removed 5. Before entering designated break areas 6. Before and after bathroom use

Question 28

# Define range. How is it calculated?

Answer 28

Range represents extremes in a data set. *See below:*

Question 29

Define accuracy:

Answer 29

Accuracy calculates the closeness of a measurement to a specific value.

Question 30

Define precision:

Answer 30

Precision is the variation of measurement related to each other.

Question 31

# Define mean. How is it calculated?

Answer 31

The mean represents the average of a set of data points: ∑ = sum of all numbers in the data set X = represents each data point within a set N = the total amount of numbers included in the data set *See formula below:*

Question 32

# Define median. How is it calculated?

Answer 32

Median is the middle point in a set of data points arranged from lowest to highest. ## Footnote *See formula below:*

Question 33

# Define mode. How is it calculated?

Answer 33

Mode is the most frequently occurring value in the data set. *See below:*

Question 34

# Define coefficient of variation (CV). How is it calculated?

Answer 34

CV is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean which compares the amount of variation from one data series to another ## Footnote *See below:*

Question 35

What is a random error? Define systematic error:

Answer 35

**Random Error** The unexpected difference between the test and reference method results. **Systematic Error** Differences in data sets run consistently in one direction (either higher or lower).

Question 36

# Define specificity. How is it calculated?

Answer 36

Specificity describes the percent chance that the test will correctly identify a person that has the trait/disease. **Sensitivity = TP / TP + FN** * TP = true positive * FN = false negative

Question 37

What is the formula for calculating Negative Predictive Value (NPV)? What does NPV measure?

Answer 37

**NPV = TN / TN + FN** * TN = true negative * FN = false negative NPV measures the percent chance that a patient with a (-) result is disease free.

Question 38

What is the formula for calculating Positive Predictive Value (PPV)? What does PPV measure?

Answer 38

**PPV = TP / TP + FP** * TP = true positive * FP = false positive Percent chance that a patient with a (+) result actually has the disease.

Question 39

*Refer to the illustration below.* What is this diagram called?

Answer 39

Levy - Jennings chart

Question 40

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 40

**1_2S** violation

Question 41

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 41

**2**_2S violation

Question 42

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 42

**4_1S** violation

Question 43

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 43

**R_4S** violation

Question 44

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 44

**3_1S** violation

Question 45

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 45

**10_X** violation

Question 46

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 46

**7T** violation

Question 47

*Refer to the illustration below:* Identify the Westgard rule that is violated in the diagram:

Answer 47

2 of **3_S2** violation

Question 48

Define osmotic pressure:

Answer 48

Osmotic Pressure is exerted when a solvent flows through a semipermeable membrane to establish equilibrium concentration of different concentration. The result is expressed as osmoles.

Question 49

List a term that describes a branch of management that directs a group of individuals toward a designated goal:

Answer 49

Leadership