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LAB PPT Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

Most common Resistant Borosilicate:

A

–Beakers
–Flasks
–Pipettes

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2
Q

High thermal resistant glass Usual brand that may encounter was _______ and __________

A

Kimax and pyrex

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3
Q

This has high resistance to thermal shock and chemical attack

A

Borosilicate/ high thermal resistant glass

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4
Q

Can be heated and autoclave

A

High thermal resistant glass/ borosilicate

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5
Q

Made by removing all elements from borosilicate glass but 6 times stronger than borosilicate glass

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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6
Q

Has good optical qualities, temperature capabilities and
is radiation-resistant

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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7
Q

Used for high precision analytical work and for optical
reflectors and mirrors

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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8
Q

Not used for the type of glassware generally used in the
laboratory

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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9
Q

Partially used for strong alkaline solutions

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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10
Q

Often referred to as “soft glass” as its thermal
resistance is much less than of borosilicate glass

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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11
Q

digestion with strong
alkali is made

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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12
Q

poor in heat resistance therefore it is
not autoclavable

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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13
Q

Has materials that usually impart red color to the glass that reduce the amount of light passing
through substance inside the glassware

A

Low actinic glass

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14
Q

Low actinic glass Provides protection to reagents highly sensitive
to light ranging from __________ to __________ angstrom

A

3,000 to 5,000 angstrom

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15
Q

Low actinic glass Used for substances that are particularly
sensitive to light such as __________ or _________ (other substance)

A

bilirubin or Vitamin A ( beta carotene, vitamin c, vitamin b1, porphyrin, solate)

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16
Q

Used for the manufacture of
weighing bottles because it
develops less static surface
changes

A

Standard Flint Glass or Soda
Lime Glass

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17
Q

Standard Flint Glass or Soda
Lime Glass Composed of a mixture of the
___________, __________ and ________

A

oxides, Calcium and silicon

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18
Q

Special Glasses: Used in light fitters, lamp bulbs and lightning lenses (fluorescent light)

A

Colored and Opal Glasses

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19
Q

Special glass: Have thin metallic oxide permanently fine bonded to the surface of the glass (infrared light)

A

Coated Glasses

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20
Q

Special glass: Have electronic applications as heat shield to protect against
infrared light

A

Coated Glasses

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21
Q

Special glass: Mostly soda lime glass lead and borosilicate of high optical purity (used spectrophotometer)

A

Optical Glasses

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22
Q

Special glass: Used in making prisms, lenses and optical

A

Optical Glasses

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23
Q

Special glass: Useful in hot plates, table tops and heat exchanges

A

Glass Ceramics (Pyroceram)

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24
Q

Special glass: Have high thermal resistance, chemical stability and corrosion resistance like borosilicate glasses

A

Glass Ceramics (Pyroceram)

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25
Special glass: Made of soda-lime and lead
Radiation - absorbing glass
26
Special glass: Useful in preventing transmission of huge energy radiation as gamma rays and X-rays
Radiation - absorbing glass
27
Beginning to replace glassware in the laboratory setting
Plastic wares
28
Its unique high resistance to corrosion and breakage as well as its varying flexibility, had made it most appealing
Plastic wares
29
Its relatively expensive, allowing for most items to be completely disposable after each use
Plastic wares
30
Unique group of resins with relatively inert properties
Polyolefins
31
Unaffected by acids, alkalis, salt solutions and aqueous solutions and can be autoclave
Polyolefins
32
Two types of polyolefins:
Polypropylene Polyethylene
33
Type of polyolefins: Can withstand higher temperatures
Polypropylene
34
Type of polyolefins: More vulnerable to attack by oxidizing agents
Polypropylene
35
Type of polyolefins: Both polypropylene are used primarily to fabricate bottles, beakers, jars jugs, funnels pipette jars, pipette baskets, tanks, etc.
Polyethylene
36
Twice as strong as polypropylene and may be used at temperatures ranging 100C to 160C
Polycarbonate resin
37
Unsuitable for use with bases such as amines, ammonia, alkalis, and oxidizing agents
Polycarbonate resin
38
Used extensively in centrifuge tubes and graduated cylinder
Polycarbonate resin
39
Non-toxic, clear plastic of modified plasticized polyvinyl chloride
Tygon
40
Flexible at 30C, brittle at 45C and resists dry heat to 95C
Tygon
41
Used for the manufacture of tubing (i.e, tubing used in Automated Analyzers)
Tygon
42
Pure translucent white and inert to corrosive reagents boiling agua regia, nitric and sulphuric acids, boiling hydrocarbons, ketones, esters and alcohols
Telfon-fluorocarbon resin
43
Used for self-lubricating stopcocks, stirring bars, bottle cap liners and tubing because of its anti-adhesive properties
Telfon fluorocarbon resin
44
Can resist extreme temperatures ranging from 270C to 255C
Telfon flurocarbon resin
45
Mercury does not wet glass and pipette calibrated this way will contain but not deliver the started volume
TC (To Contain) Pipette
46
Rate of delivery must never be hastened by blowing
TD (To Deliver) Pipette
47
An etched ring is seen near the mouthpiece
“To Blow-Out” Pipette
48
The user allows the contents of the pipette to drain by gravity
Self Draining pipette
49
Has the greatest degree of accuracy and precision and self draining
Volumetric / transfer Pipette
50
Used in measuring viscous fluids –Measures smaller volume and blow out pipette
Ostwald folin pipette
51
Used to deliver an amount of liquid contained between two calibration on marks
Graduated/measuring Pipette
52
The rate of fall of liquid is much too fast. It has Has an etched band on the suction and blow out pipette
Serologic Pipette
53
The rate of fall of liquid is much too fast. It has Has an etched band on the suction and blow out pipette
Serologic Pipette
54
Calibration lies between two marks without graduations to the top and Self-draining pipette
Mohr Pipette
55
To contain” pipette which is calibrated with mercury
Micropipettes
56
No calibration and it For biologic fluid without specific volume
Pasteur Pipette
57
Is the most routinely used pipette
Automatic Pipette
58
Advantages: automatic pipette
–o Time savings –o Safety –o Stability –o Ease of use –o Increase in precision –o Lack of required cleaning
59
Tips (contaminated) are often disposabl
Automatic pipette
60
Type of automatic pipette uses
o Air displacement (no contact with water) –o Positive Displacement ( work as syringe, tip is not disposable) –o Displacement Dilutor ( used bacteriology)
61
Should be made of glass that is resistant to many chemicals used and resistant to heat
Beaker
62
Used for general mixing and reagent preparation
Beaker
63
Wide, straight-sided cylindrical vessels and are available in many sizes in several forms
Beaker
64
Used to measure volumes of liquids when high degree of accuracy is not essential
Graduated measuring cylinder
65
pear shaped flasks and Used to contain a specific amount of volume of liquid
Volumetric flasks
66
Precision is up to 1/1000 of a gram
Analytical balance
67
Classes of Balance:
1. Number of Pans (Single or Double) 2. Mechanical or Electronic 3. Operating Ranges
68
Precision is up to 0.1 gram
Rough/platform balance
69
CENTRIFUGE types
–Fixed-angle head –Swinging-bucket type –Ultracentrifuge –Tachometer –Strobe light
70
Is a substance that occurs naturally or is obtained through a chemical process
Chemical
71
Defined as any substances employed to produce a chemical reaction
Reagent
72
The following are general description of the various grades of chemicals available for the clinical laboratory
Grades of chemical
73
These chemicals are of a high degree of purity and are used often in the preparation of reagents in the clinical laboratory for many reagent grade or AR chemicals, and those that meet their standards are designed by the letter ACS (American Chemical Society)
Reagent Grade / Analytic Reagent (AR) Grade
74
These chemicals are sufficiently pure to be used in many analyses in the clinical laboratory However, the designation does not reveal the limits of impurities
Chemically Pure (CP) Grade
75
They are generally less pure than CP grade, as the tolerance is specified such as they are not injurious to health rather than chemically pure
United States Pharmacopia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) Grade
76
These chemicals are used only for industrial purposes and are generally not used in the preparation of reagents for the clinical laboratory
Technical / Commercial Grade
77
These agencies or bureaus all supply certified clinical laboratory standards
National Bureau of Standards, College of American Pathologists and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)
78
Standard: Highly purified chemicals which may be weighed out directly in the preparation of solutions of selected known concentration
Primary standard
79
Standard: A prepared solution whose concentrations is determined by an analysis of an aliquot amount of the solution using primary standard and acceptable reference method.
Secondary standard
80
It is actually a sample in which the chemical composition and the physical characteristics stimulate the specimen being analyzed
Reference standard/ control material
81
These samples are useful for proficiency testing, inter- laboratory surveys and in the calibration of reference materials (commercial) kits and reagent sets
Reference standard/ control material
82
Type of water: from distillation process
Distilled water
83
Type of water: from ion-exchange process
Deionized water
84
Type of water: from ion-exchange process
Deionized water
85
Type of water: uses pressure to force water to move through a semipermeable membrane
Reverse osmosis water
86
Type of water: UV light, sterilization, ozone treatment
Ultra filtration
87
Type of water: CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) recommends
Reagent grade water
88
Reagent grade water:
A. Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water B. Special R.W. C. Instrument Feed Water D. Water supplied by the Method Manufacturer E. Autoclave and Wash Water F. Commercially bottled purified water
89
Water Parameters:
–Microbiological content –pH –Resistivity –Silicate –Particulate matter –Organics
90
Water purity categories: used for the test methods which requires minimum interferences (e.g. Trace metal, iron and enzyme analyses)
Type 1
91
Water purity categories: acceptable for most analytic requirements (e.g. Reagent, Q.C, standards preparation)
Type 2
92
Water purity categories: autoclave, wash water
Type 3
93
Water Filtration:
•Glass • Cotton • Activate charcoal • Submicron filters
94
Chemical agents that prevent the coagulation or clotting of blood are anticoagulants.
Anticoagulant
95
Removing the Ca from the blood by precipitation of binding in unionized form
Tri-Sodium Citrate and EDTA
96
Neutralization of thrombin
heparin
97
Precipitation of Ca as insoluble salt
Oxalate

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