Lab Practical 1

Question 1

Which does not contain nucleus
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes

Answer 1

Erythrocytes

Question 2

Which leukocyte is most likely to be found destroying bacteria by phagocytosis

Answer 2

Neutrophils

Question 3

An experiment shows your blood shows clumping when mixed with anti b and anti d antibodies.
What blood type are you?

Answer 3

B+

Question 4

Which component of blood is involved in clotting

Answer 4

Platelets

Question 5

What is the measure of the percentage of RBCs in the blood?

Answer 5

Hematocrit

Question 6

What is a b and c

Answer 6

A- plasma
B- Buffy coat
C- RBCs

Question 7

What is a normal Hct level

Answer 7

39-49%

Question 8

What is a normal hemoglobin level

Answer 8

12-16g/dl

Question 9

why is the second pregnancy the concern for RH- mothers?

Answer 9

Because during the birth of her first child there is a high risk that she will be exposed to the rh antigen from the baby and produce rh antibodies.

if the next baby is rh+ the mothers antigens will attack the fetus’s blood supply and harm the baby.

Question 10

What is the most abundant leukocyte

Answer 10

Neutrophil

Question 11

What condition may cause coagulation time to increase?

Answer 11

Decreased platelet count
Decreased k

Question 12

If agglutination occurs when anti b antibody is applied… what is the blood type

Answer 12

B

Question 13

How does living in a high altitude affect Hct?

Answer 13

Higher altitudes will increase a persons Hct levels

Question 14

Identify the cell and it’s function

Answer 14

A - platelet - clotting
B - Rbc- O2 transport
C - lymphocyte- immune targets virus and cancer cells
D- eosinophils - immune targets parasites and allergies

Question 15

What returns O2 Poe blood to the heart from areas above the heart

Answer 15

SVC

Question 16

What is true of cardia muscle and not skeletal
Muscle

Answer 16

Contains intercalated discs

Question 17

Largest heart chamber with thickest myocardium is

Answer 17

Left ventricle

Question 18

Identify the arrhythmia

Answer 18

Heart block

Question 19

Identify the arrhythmia

Answer 19

A fib

Question 20

Identify the arrhythmia

Answer 20

V fib

Question 21

Identify the arrhythmia

Answer 21

PVC
Dangerous no t wave can cause v fib

Question 22

Which wave indicates ventricular repolarization

Answer 22

T wave

Question 23

Which wave indicates ventricular systole

Answer 23

st segment

Question 24

Why is summation and tetanus not possible in cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 24

The long refractory period makes it impossible to reactor wave summation before the relaxation phase

Question 25

What does extreme Vegas nerve stimulation have on the heart

Answer 25

Decreases hr to the point of stopping and after a while it will start pumping again

Question 26

What would happen if the Vegas nerve was cut

Answer 26

Hr would increase bc the parasympathetic nervous system wouldn’t be able to slow the hr via vegal nerve

Question 27

How does the SNS effect hr

Answer 27

Increases hr Cardiac nerves use NE to bind to b1 receptors > open ca++ channels which will cause > depolarization rate to increase and > repolarization rate will decrease and > that makes the hr increase

Question 28

What is atropine? Inhibitor or enhancer of Ach? Effect on hr?

Answer 28

Atropine is an antagonist Inhibits ACH at the muscularinic receptors Increases hr

Question 29

What effect does pilocarpine have on the heart and why

Answer 29

Pilocarpine is a muscarinic receptor agonist and increases the activity of acetylcholine released by the parasympathetic nervous system thus slowing the heart rate Cholinergic effect

Question 30

Describe the effects of digitalis. What is the mechanism?

Answer 30

Positive inotropic agent and negative chronotropic agent Inhibits the sodium potassium pump > increasing intracellular Na+ levels and increasing Ca++levels in myocardial cells > enhancing ventricular ejection > boosting systole Volume And Stims the PNS Vegas nerve which decreases hr (chronotropic)

Question 31

What effect on hr and strength of contractions occurs from hypocalcemia

Answer 31

Weaker contractions and decreased hr

Question 32

Why does hypocalcemia decrease contraction strength

Answer 32

It decreases the ca++ uptake into the cell

Question 33

What effect on hr, arrhythmia, and or strength of contraction occurs from hyperkalemia

Answer 33

lowers cell-resting action potential and prevents repolarization, leading to muscle paralysis. Makes it more excitable repolarizing too fast