Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
Define Anatomical Position
A
Patient is standing erect. Their arms are at their sides. Their palms are supinated. Their feet are together.
2
Q
Define Superior
A
Refers to going up the patient’s body.
3
Q
Define Inferior
A
Refers to going down the patient’s body.
4
Q
Define cranial
A
Refers to going up the patient’s body, but is typically reserved for when you are talking about neurology or the vertebrae.
5
Q
Define Caudal
A
Refers to going down the patient’s body, but is typically reserved for when you are talking about neurology or the vertebrae.
6
Q
Define Anterio/Ventral
A
Refers to the front side of the patient’s body.
7
Q
Define Posterior/Dorsal
A
Refers to the back side of the patient’s body.
8
Q
Define Ipsilateral
A
Refers to two points on the same side (anterior or posterior) of the patient’s body.
9
Q
Define Contralateral
A
Refers to something occurring on different sides (anterior or posterior) of the patient’s body.
10
Q
Define Distal
A
When referring to a limb distal is further down the limb in question. i.e. the foot is distal to the knee
11
Q
Define Proximal
A
When referring to a limb proximal is further up the limb in question. i.e. the shoulder is proximal to the elbow.
12
Q
Define Medial
A
Refers to moving towards the center of the patient’s body.
13
Q
Define Lateral
A
Refers to moving away from the center of the patient’s body.
14
Q
Define Cephalic
A
Refers to the patient’s head.
15
Q
Define Nasal
A
Refers to the patient’s nose.
16
Q
Define Buccal
A
Refers to the patient’s face cheeks.
17
Q
Define Cervical
A
Refers to the patient’s neck.
18
Q
Define Axillary
A
Refers to the patient’s armpit.
19
Q
Define Brachial
A
Refers to the patient’s arm.
20
Q
Define Carpal
A
Refers to the patient’s wrists.
21
Q
Define Palmer
A
Refers to the patient’s palm (grasping side of the hand).
22
Q
Define Antecubital
A
Refers to the surface of the arm in front of the elbow.
23
Q
Define Patellar
A
Refers to the large bone that covers the anterior surface of the knee.
24
Q
Define Pectoral
A
Refers to the breast or chest.
25
Define Umbilical
Refers to the belly.
26
Define Inguinal
Refers to the patient's groin
27
Define Femoral
Refers to the femur or thigh
28
Define Popliteal
Refers to the area behind the knee
29
Define Calcaneal
Refers to the heel
30
Define Lumbar
Refers to the vertebrae.
31
Define Gluteal
Refers to the buttocks
32
Define Coxal
Refers to the hip or pelvic bone.
33
Define Plantar
Refers to the sole of the foot.
34
Define Tarsal
Refers to the ankle region of the foot.
35
Define Pubic
Refers to the area situated in or near the region of the pubes or the pubis
36
Define Acromial
Forms the outer angle of the shoulder
37
Define Abdominal
Refers to the abdominal region of the body. superior to the umbilical.
38
Define Sagittal Plane
An anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections.
39
Define Frontal Plane
An anatomical plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior sections
40
Define Transverse Plane
An anatomical plane that divides the body into Superior and Inferior sections
41
Describe the location and organs contained in the Right hypochondriac
Upper right portion of the body. liver, galbladder, right kidney small intestine
42
Describe the location and organs contained in the Epigastric
Located top middle portion of the body. Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Spleen, Adrenal Glands.
43
Describe the location and organs contained in the Left hypochondriac
Located upper left portion of the body. Spleen, Colon, Left Kidney, Pancreas
44
Describe the location and organs contained in the Right Lumbar
Located middle right section of the body. Galbladder, Liver, Right Colon.
45
Describe the location and organs contained in the Umbilical region
Center of the body. Navel, Small intestine, Duodenum.
46
Describe the location and organs contained in the Left Lumbar
Located in the middle left section of the body. Descending colon, Left Kideny.
47
Describe the location and organs contained in the Right inguinal
Located in the bottom right of the body. Appendix, Cecum
48
Describe the location and organs contained in the Hypogastric
Middle bottom of the body. Urinary Bladder, Female Reproductive Organs, Sigmoid Colon.
49
Describe the location and organs contained in the Left Inguinal
Located in the bottom left of the body. Descending colon, Sigmoid Colon.
50
Define Abdominal Cavity
body space bounded superiorly by the diaphragm and inferiorly by the pelvis
51
Define Abdominalpelvic Cavity
body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
52
Define Cranial Cavity
Space within the skull
53
Define Dorsal Body Cavity
fluid filled space which surrounds the brain and spinal cord of vertebrates.
54
Define Mediastinum
is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the windpipe (the trachea ), the esophagus, and the great vessels
55
Define Pelvic Cavity
body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis, inferior to abdominal cavity
56
Define Pericardial Cavity
fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pericardium.
57
Define Pleural Cavity
fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs.
58
Define Thoracic Cavity
Chest Cavity
59
Define Ventral Body Cavity
human body cavity that is in the anterior (front) aspect of the human body.
60
Define Vertebral Cavity
posterior portion of the dorsal cavity
61
Define Visceral Pericardium
inner layer of the pericardium. layer that touches the organ
62
Define Parietal Pericardium
Outer layer of the pericardium. layer that Does not touch the organ
63
Define Parietal Pleura
Outer layer of the Pleura. layer that Does not touch the organ
64
Define Visceral Pleura
inner layer of the Pleura. layer that touches the organ
65
What is the main system that secretes hormones?
Endocrine System
66
What organ system provides an outer covering of the body?
Integumentary System
67
What organ system produces gametes (egg and sperm)?
Reproductive System
68
What organ system stimulates muscles to contract and interprets information from sensory organs?
Nervous System
69
What organ system provides a framework and support for soft tissues and produces blood cells in red marrow?
Skeletal System
70
What organ system exchanges gases between air and blood?
Respiratory System
71
What organ system transports excess fluid from tissue to blood?
Lymphatic System
72
What organ system has movement via contractions and creates most body heat?
Muscular System
73
What organ system removes liquid and wastes from blood and transports them to the outside of the body?
Urinary System
74
What organ system converts food molecules into forms that are absorbable?
Digestive System
75
What organ system transports nutrients, wastes, and gases throughout the body?
Cardiovascular System
76
Epithelium (Lab Packet 2)
Lines Body Cavities and covers the body's external surface. Epithelial Cells can absorb, secrete, and filter. As well as synthesize hormones.
77
Connective Tissue (Lab Packet 2)
Anchors, Packages, and Supports Body Organs. Abundant non-living extracellular matrix. Most widespread tissue in the body.
78
Muscle (Lab Packet 2)
Pumps blood, Flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat. Major function is to contract.
79
Nervous Tissue (Lab Packet 2)
Transmits Electrochemical Signals. Most involved in regulating and controlling body functions. Forms nerves and the brain.
80
Simple Squamous Epithellum: Location and How you could Identify
Found in the Air sacs of the lung and lining of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The cells show a flattened appearance (having considerable length and breadth but negligible height).
81
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium: Location and How you could Identify
Found in the ducts and secretory portions of small glands and in kidney tubules. The cells are cube-shaped
82
Simple Columnar Epithelium: Location and how you could identify
Found in Bronchioles, uterine tubes, and uterus, Digestive tract and bladder. Simple columnar epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide.
83
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium: Location and how you could identify
Line the Bronchi, Trachea and much of the upper respiratory tract. Looks like columnar but the layers are squished and nuclei not in the center.
84
Stratified Squamous Epithelium: Location and how you could identify
Skin. looks similar to simple squamous but more abundant.
85
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium: Location and how you could identify
Sweat glands, salivary glands, and the mammary glands. Looks like cuboidal but more abundant
86
Transitional Epithelium: Location and how you could identify
Lines the bladder, urethra and the ureters. The cells can change shape and consists of multiple layers.
87
Simple Squamous locations
Alveolar Sacs of the lungs, Forms the thin serous membranes; a single layer of flattened cells.
88
Simple Columnar Location
Lining of the stomach
89
Stratified Squamous Location
Epidermis of the skin
90
Simple Cuboidal Location
Tubules of the Kidney
91
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Location
Lining of the Trachea
92
Transitional Epithelium Location
Lining of the Bladder
93
Adipose Tissue Function
Functions as heat insulator beneath sking
94
Adipose Tissue Function
Functions as heat insulator beneath skin
95
Areolar Tissue Function
Binds skin to underlying organs
96
Blood (Lab Packet 2)
Contains Large amounts of fluid and lacks fibers
97
Compact Bone
Cells Arranged around central canal
98
Dense Irregular tissue
Main tissue of dermis
99
Dense Regular Tissue
Main tissue of tendons and ligaments
100
Elastic Cartilage
Forms framework of outer ear
101
Fibrocartilage
Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers
102
Hyaline Cartilage
Forms the flexible part of the nasal septum
103
Reticular connective tissue
Forms Supporting tissue in walls of thymus and spleen
104
Cardiac Muscle
Contains intercalated discs, Striated and involuntary, muscle that composes the heart
105
Smooth Muscle
Muscle that lacks striation, moves food through the digestive tract.
106
Skeletal Muscle
Striated and Voluntary, Muscle attached to bone.
107
Nervous Tissue
Coordinates, regulates, and integrates body functions. contains neurons and neuroglia. transmits impulses along cellular processes
108
True or False there are no blood vessels in the epidermis?
True
109
Stratum Corenum
Outermost layer of the epidermis. COME Let's Get Sun Burnt
110
Stratum Lucidum
Layer of the epidermis below the Stratum Corenum and above the Granulosum. Come LET'S Get Sun Burnt
111
Stratum Granulosum
Layer of the Epidermis below the Lucidum and above the Spinosum. Come Let's GET Sun Burnt.
112
Stratum Spinsosum
Layer of the Epidermis below the Granulosum and above the Basale. Come Let's Get SUN burnt.
113
Stratum Basale
Bottom most layer of the epidermis. Come Let's Get Sun BURNT
114
Apocrine Sweat Gland
Become active at puberty. ATTACHED TO HAIR. Produces the BO smell. Does not thermoregulate.
115
Piloerector Muscle
Causes Hair to stand on end and goose bumps to appear. Attached to hair.
116
Dermis
Inner Layer of Skin
117
Merocrine Sweat Gland
Responds to elevated body temperature. Thermal Regulation. Produces Sweat. Ducts go straight to top not attached to hair.
118
Epidermis
General name of entire superficial layer of the skin
119
Keratin
Hard protein of nails and hair
120
Melanin
Epidermal Pigment
121
Sebaceous Gland
Gland that Secretes an oily substance (sebum)
122
Sebum
An oily secretion that helps to waterproof body surface.
123
Stratum Basale: Function & General Location
Cell Division and deepest layer of epidermis
124
Startum Corenum: General Location
Outermost Layer of Epidermis
125
How does the skin of your palm differ from that on the back (posterior) of your hand? Describe the differences you observed in the type and distribution of hair on the anterior and posterior forearm.
Skin on palm has extra layer (Stratum lucidum) and no hair follicles. Fore arm anterior side little to no hair, thing. Posterior side thicker more dense hair.
126
In which layer of skin are sebaceous glands found? how are sebacious glands associated with hair follicles?
Sebaceous glands are found in the dermis. Sebaceous glands produce sebum or oil that maintains hair follicles.
127
In which layer of skin are sweat glands usually located?
Sweat glands are found in the dermis.
128
Blood vessels and nerves are present in which layer of skin?
Blood vessels and nerves are located in the dermis.
129
Shylaja is getting a henna tattoo, which is not permanent. The dye is applied to the outer surface of the skin and seeps inside. List the layers that the dye will encounter in order from the outside to the inside. Remember, it isn’t permanent, so think about how deep the dye will actually go. Why does the henna dye fade after a while?
The dye will go through Stratum Corneum > Lucidum > Granulosum
The dye is pushed towards the apical surface every time the epidermis regenerates and eventually the henna tattoo will slough off.
130
Shylaja liked the look of her temporary tattoo so much that she decided to get a permanent one. In this kind of tattoo, the ink is applied using a needle that pierces the skin. How deep does the ink have to go in order for the color to be permanent?
In order for the ink to be permanent it has to be pushed all the way to the dermis.
