Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
Bacillaceae
A
bacillus, g-pos
2
Q
Clostridiaceae
A
bacillus, g-pos
3
Q
Enterobacteriaceae
A
bacillus, g-neg
4
Q
Spirochataceae
A
spirochete, g-net
5
Q
Strepococcaceae
A
coccus, g-pos
6
Q
Anthrax
A
Bacillus anthracis
7
Q
Lyme
A
Borrelia burgdorferii
8
Q
Botulism
A
Clostridium botulinum
9
Q
Tetanus
A
Clostridium tetani
10
Q
Diptheria
A
Corneybacterium diptheriae
11
Q
Dysentery
A
Shigella dysenteriae
12
Q
Impetigo, boils, sinusitis
A
Staphylococcus aureus
13
Q
Strep throat
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
14
Q
Syphilis
A
Treponema pallidum
15
Q
Pneumonia, bubonic plague
A
Yersinia pestis
16
Q
Bacillus, g-pos (2)
A
Bacillaceae, Clostridiaceae, Corneybacterium
17
Q
Bacillus, g-neg
A
Enterobacteriaceae
18
Q
Spirochete, g-neg
A
Spirochaetaceae
19
Q
Coccus, g-pos
A
Strepococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae
20
Q
Bacillus anthracis
A
Anthrax
21
Q
Borrelia burgdorferii
A
Lyme
22
Q
Clostridium botulininum
A
Botulism
23
Q
Clostridium tetani
A
Tetanus
24
Q
Corneybacterium diptheriae
A
Diptheria
25
Shigella dysenteriae
Dysentery
26
Staphylococcus aureus
Impetio, boils, sinusitis
27
Streptococcus pyogenes
Strep throat
28
Treponema pallidum
Syphilis
29
Yersinia pestis
Pneumonia, bubonic plague
30
Bacillus shape
rod
31
Coccus shape
sphere
32
Vibrio shape
comma
33
Spirillum shape
corkscrew
34
Spirochete shape
helix
35
Staphylo-
Clusters. Cocci
36
Strepto-
Chains. Cocci, bacilli
37
What is the purpose of using aseptic technique?
To minimize the probability of contamination of you by your cultures, your culture by you, and of your cultures by the environment.
38
What tools do you use the incinerator for?
Inoculating loops/needles, and other devices
39
How do you disinfect forceps?
Place the tips of the forceps into a bowl of alcohol and use the heat of the incinerator to expedite the evaporation of the alcohol.
40
What steps are taken to minimize the risk of contaminating agar in a petri dish?
Upside down, lift the base off the lid and avoid unnecessary talking, prevent the falling of dust by holding upside down, only open plate as long as is needed.
41
What is the purpose of the streak isolation technique?
To promote the growth of distinct, separate colonies of a pure culture.
42
Why incinerate your loop when streaking for isolation?
This helps eliminate excess cells from the loop.
43
What information on cell morphology can a simple stain provide? What can it not provide?
Shape and arrangement of bacterial cells.
It does not tell us anything about gram-pos vs neg, nor if endospores or other cell structures are present.
44
Why air-dry a slide before a simple stain?
Air-drying allows the cells to become partially dehydrated, which protects cellular shape and arrangement.
45
Why heat-fix cells on to a slide?
Heat fixing further dehydrates the cells, protecting their shape and increasing their affinity to the glass slide so that they don't wash off during staining procedures. Heat fixing also kills vegetative cells, making pathogens safer to work with.
46
What are the steps of the Gram stain?
1. Crystal violet - primary stain
2. Gram's iodine - mordant (increases retention of the stain)
3. 95% ethyl alcohol - decolorizer. (removes purple from gram-negative cells)
4. Safranin - counterstain.
47
Gram-positive bacteria
Thick peptidoglycan-containing cell wall. Retain primary stain.
48
Gram-negative
LPS-containing outer membrane. Lose primary stain, retain counterstain safranin.
49
What does the Gram stain tell us?
Differentiates between G-pos and G-neg
50
Gram stain 1
Crystal violet - primary stain
51
Gram stain 2
Gram's iodine - mordant
52
Gram stain 3
95% ethyl alchohol - decolorizer
53
Gram stain 4
Safranin - counterstain
54
What is an endospore?
A highly modified cellular structure that remains dormant until environmental conditions become favorable for vegetative growth.
55
What is an endospore resistant to?
```
Heat
Drying
UV light
Freezing
Many disinfectants/antiseptics
```
56
What is sporulation?
The process of endospore formation. It is a highly modified binary fission.
57
What is the process of sporulation?
- DNA of the cell is replicated
- Spore septum is produced, dividing the future spore from the rest of the cell
- Cell membrane envelops the spore septum
- Outside layers of the spore are added, producing a tough and environmentally stable structure
- Dead vegetative cell will lyse, releasing the endospore
58
Endospore stain 1
Malachite green - primary stain. Stains the endospore coat.
59
Endospore stain 2
Water - decolorizer
60
Endospore stain 3
Safranin - counterstain. Stains the vegetative cells.
61
Why is heat used in the endospore stain?
Heat softens the endospore coat, increasing its porosity in order to better take up the primary stain (Malachite green).
62
What bacterial families are known to produce endospores?
Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae
63
What structure is commonly used by bacteria for motility?
Flagella
64
Are all bacteria motile?
No
