Lab practical 2- Ch. 7 Prep

Question 1

perforating canal

Answer 1

perpendicular canal-carry blood vessels deep into bone- run perpendicular to Haversian canals.

Question 2

canaliculi

Answer 2

branching canals that connect lacunae.

Question 3

Periosteum

Answer 3

most superficial tissue of bone

dens irregular collagenous connective tissue

Question 4

Perforating fibers

Answer 4

Extensions of collagen fibers from the periosteum that anchor the periosteum to the bone. These are like the roots of the periosteum.

Question 5

Osteogenic cels

Answer 5

Osteoprogenitor cells- can become osteoblasts

Question 6

How do osteoclasts work?

Answer 6

Secrete enzymes the catalyze the digestion of bone ECM.

Question 7

Concentric lamellae

Answer 7

lamellae rings the surround the central canal

Question 8

circumferential lamellae

Answer 8

Surround the entire bone-just deep to the periosteum

Question 9

What are the two forms of osseous tissue?

Answer 9

Compact and spongy bone

Question 10

What do central canals contain?

Answer 10

blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

What is the lining of central canal interior made of?

Answer 11

Endosteum.

Question 12

Trabeculae

Answer 12

Tiny bone spicules inside of spongy bone.

Question 13

What lanes the trabeculae

Answer 13

Endosteum

Question 14

What are trabeculae composed of?

Answer 14

Lamellae- but not organized into osteons.

Question 15

What are the two main chemical components of ECM of osseous tissue?

Answer 15

Organic Components- ground substance and protein fibers such as collagen fibers
Inorganic components- calcium salts (calcium hydroxyapatite crystals)

Question 16

Short bones

Answer 16

bones of wrist and ankle

Question 17

Flat bones

Answer 17

ribs, sternum, skull bones, and hip bones

Question 18

Irregular bones

Answer 18

vertebrae, sacrum, some skull bones such as sphenoid bone

Question 19

Sesmoid bones

Answer 19

Roughly oval located within a tendon-patella

Question 20

Sutural bones

Answer 20

Small bones located between the flat bones of the skull

Question 21

What are the zones bone moving away from epiphyseal plate?

Answer 21

Zone of reserve cartilage, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy and maturation, zone of calcification, zone of ossification.

Question 22

Which yields bone growth, the epiphyseal line or plate?

Answer 22

Epiphyseal plates grow.

Question 23

Synovial joints

Answer 23

Joints that don’t move- Sutures of the head

Question 24

Amphiarthroses

Answer 24

Joints that allow little movement- costochondral joints

Question 25

Diarthroses

Answer 25

Freely moveable joints

Question 26

Fibrous joints

Answer 26

Consist of bones jointed by short collagen fibers- Most fibrous joints allow no motion and are synarthroses.

Question 27

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 27

Sutures- skull Gomphosis- between tooth and alveolus Syndesmosis- between two parallel articulating bones like radius and ulna.

Question 28

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 28

Bones united by cartilage- hyaline or fibrocartilage-allow some motion and are amphiarthroses.

Question 29

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 29

Symphyses- common type of cartilaginous joints- intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis Synchondroses- bones joined by hyaline cartilage- epiphyseal plate

Question 30

Synovial joints

Answer 30

True joint cavity- two bones joined by a joint capsule.

Question 31

Plane joint

Answer 31

flat bones that glide- inter tarsal and intercarpal joints as well as movement between vertebrae

Question 32

Condyloid joint

Answer 32

One bone that fits into he concave surface of another bone- radoiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 33

Saddle

Answer 33

Like condyloid joints but permit greater range of motion- carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Question 34

Hinge

Answer 34

Elbow, knee, and interphalangeal joints

Question 35

Ball and socket

Answer 35

shoulder and hip

Question 36

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 36

Prevent hyperextension of the knee.

Question 37

What are the three erector spinal muscles groups from medial to lateral?

Answer 37

Spinalis M. Longissimus M. Iliocostalis M.