Lab Practical # 3 Review

Question 1

Primary Motor Cortex is located

Answer 1

in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Question 2

primary somatosensory cortex is located

Answer 2

in the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe

Question 3

visual cortex is located

Answer 3

in the occipital lobe

Question 4

gustatory cortex is located

Answer 4

in the insula just deep to the temporal lobe

Question 5

auditory cortex is located

Answer 5

in the superior margin of the temporal lobe next to the lateral sulcus.

Question 6

premotor cortex is located

Answer 6

in the frontal lobe

Question 7

motor speech (broca’s area) is located

Answer 7

in the frontal lobe

Question 8

meningitis

Answer 8

inflammation of the meninges, is a serious threat to the brain because a bacterial or viral meningitis may spread to the CNS

Question 9

stroke (CVA)

Answer 9

occurs when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and the brain tissue dies of ischemia. Most common cause of CVA is a blood clot that blocks a cerebral artery. Many who survive are paralyzed on one side of the body, and other exhibit sensory deficits or have difficulty understanding or vocalizing speech.

Question 10

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 10

31 pairs

Question 11

What are the five nerve plexuses?

Answer 11

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal.

Question 12

a cervical plexus nerve

Answer 12

Phrenic

Question 13

brachial plexus nerves

Answer 13

median, ulnar, radial

Question 14

a lumbar plexus

Answer 14

femoral

Question 15

a sacral plexus

Answer 15

sciatic nerve

Question 16

coccygeal plexus

Answer 16

coccygeal nerve

Question 17

damage to the spinal cord or nerve plexuses results in

Answer 17

weakened or paralyzed limbs

Question 18

trauma to the radial nerve results in

Answer 18

wrist drop

Question 19

median nerve injury

Answer 19

makes it difficult to use the pincer grasp

Question 20

irritation of the phrenic nerve causes

Answer 20

spasms of the diaphragm or hiccups, if both phrenic nerves are severed or if C3 - C5 is crushed or destroyed, the diaphragm is paralyzed and respiratory arrest occurs.

Question 21

reflex

Answer 21

are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 22

5 reflex arc components

Answer 22

1. receptor
2. sensory neuron
3. integration center
4. motor neuron
5. effector

Question 23

differences in somatic and autonomic reflex arcs

Answer 23

a visceral reflex arc has two consecutive neurons in its motor component.
and the afferent fibers are visceral sensory neurons.

Question 24

examples of somatic reflexes

Answer 24

the blinking reflex, knee jerk reflex, gag reflex, and the startle reflex and rooting reflex in

Question 25

examples of autonomic reflexes

Answer 25

pulse rate, blood flow, pupil dilation/constriction.

Question 26

monosynaptic reflexes performed in lab

Answer 26

patellar reflex,

Question 27

polysynaptic reflexes performed in lab

Answer 27

flexor reflex, withdrawal reflex.

Question 28

How a reflex works.

Answer 28

1. A stimulus happens at the receptor site. 2. The sensory neuron transmits afferent impulses to the CNS. 3. In the CNS, there is a an integration center made up of one more neurons. 4. The motor neuron conducts efferent impulses from the integration center to an effector organ. 5. The effector organ, a muscle fiber or gland cell, responds to different impulses by contracting or secreting, respectively.

Question 29

What is the Babinski sign and what does it tell you?

Answer 29

Damage to the corticospinal tract produces Babinski's sign, an abnormal response in which the toes flare and the great toe moves in an upward direction. In a newborn infant, it is normal to see Babinski's sign because myelination of the nervous system is incomplete.

Question 30

major types of receptors

Answer 30

exteroceptors, interoceptors (internal visceral ), proprioceptors (internal stimuli to skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, connective tissure)

Question 31

receptor adaptation

Answer 31

decline in the transmission of a sensory nerve when a receptor is stimulated continuously and at a constant stimulus strength.

Question 32

Tests conducted to investigate receptors

Answer 32

two point discrimination test, tactile localization, adaptation of touch