Lab Quiz #1 Flashcards

(56 cards)

1
Q

Olivine (mineral)

A
  • nonmetallic
  • hardness: 6 (pretty hard)
  • no cleavage
  • brown/black (greenish)
  • brittle
  • opaque (not see-through)
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2
Q

Pryroxene (mineral)

A
  • brownish/black, green
  • brittle
  • 2 cleavages at 90
  • hardness: 5
  • nonmetallic
  • opaque (not see-through)
  • mineral
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3
Q

Amphibole (mineral)

A
  • nonmetallic
  • black
  • brittle
  • opaque (not see-through)
  • hardness: 6
  • 2 cleavages not at 90
  • mineral
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4
Q

Biotite (mineral)

A
  • Elastic
  • translucent
  • blackish
  • hardness: 3
  • 1 cleavage not at a right angle
  • mineral
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5
Q

Muscovite (mineral)

A
  • elastic
  • translucent
  • metallic
  • hardness: 1
  • 1 cleavage not at a right angle
  • mineral
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6
Q

Potassium Feldspar (mineral)

A
  • nonmetallic
  • 3/3.5 hardness
  • 1 cleavage not at a right angle
  • pinkish
  • brittle
  • opaque
  • mineral
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7
Q

Plagioclase Feldspar (mineral)

A
  • metallic
  • hardness 5.5
  • cleavages not at 90
  • brittle opaque
  • black and white (speckled)
  • mineral
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8
Q

Quartz (mineral)

A
  • 6-6.5 hardness
  • metallic
  • no cleavage
  • translucent
  • brittle (easy to break apart)
  • mineral
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9
Q

Calcite (mineral)

A
  • clear to yellow color
  • hardness 4
  • 3 cleavages not at 90
  • CHEMICAL REACTION (bubbles/fizzes)
  • mineral
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10
Q

Halite (mineral)

A
  • SALTY
  • hardness at 3
  • 3 cleavages at 90
  • brittle
  • translucent
  • clear/white in color
  • mineral
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11
Q

Gypsum (mineral)

A
  • SILKY
  • 0-1 cleavages
  • hardness 2 or less
  • clear or white (typically clear)
  • brittle
  • mineral
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12
Q

Graphite (mineral)

A
  • gray/black in color
  • sectile
  • opaque
  • can you draw on paper?
  • mineral
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13
Q

Magnetite (mineral)

A
  • MAGNETIC
  • black color
  • brittle
  • opaque
  • hardness 6
  • no cleavages
  • mineral
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14
Q

Hematite (mineral)

A
  • deep red/maroonish
  • mineral
  • sectile
  • opaque
  • hardness of 4
  • no cleavage
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15
Q

Galena (mineral)

A
  • SMELLS
  • mineral
  • grey color
  • sectile
  • opaque
  • hardness 2.5
  • 3 cleavages not at 90
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16
Q

Pyrite (mineral)

A
  • mineral
  • gold color/dark gray
  • FOOLS GOLD
  • sectile
  • hardness of 6.5
  • no cleavages
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17
Q

What does sectile mean?

A

the ability of a mineral to be cut into thin pieces by a knife

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18
Q

Igneous extrusive

A
  • no crystals (fine texture, too small to be seen)
  • fine; minerals you can’t see
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19
Q

What does aphanitic mean?

A

fine texture, crystals too small to be seen

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20
Q

Igneous Intrusive

A
  • coarse (you can see the minerals) texture
  • crystals can be seen
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21
Q

What is porphyritic?

A

igneous rock where the minerals are more than one size (extrusive and intrusive)

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22
Q

Tuff (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • pyroclastic
  • felsic-intermediate

Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- biotite
- muscovite
- amphibole

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23
Q

Pumice (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • vesicular
  • felsic

Can be made of:
- quartz
- feldspar (either)
- muscovite
- biotite

24
Q

Scoria (Igneous rock)

A
  • rock (Igneous)
  • mafic
  • vesicular (bubbly)

Can be made of:
- pyroxene
-plagioclase feldsparar
- olivine (?)

25
Obsidian (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - glassy
26
Rhyolite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - aphanitic (fine-grained) - felsic Can be made of: - quartz - feldspar (either) - muscovite - biotite
27
Dacite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - intermediate color - aphanitic (fine-grained) Can be made of: - amphibole - biotite - plagioclase feldspar - quartz - looks very similar to greywacke
28
Andesite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - intermediate - aphanitic (fine-grained) Can be made of: - amphibole - biotite (?) - plagioclase feldspar - quartz (?) - pryroxene
29
Basalt (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - mafic - aphanitic (fine-grained) Can be made of: - plagioclase feldspar - pyroxene - olivine (?)
30
Komatite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - ultramafic - aphanitic (fine-grained) Can be made of: - olivine - pyroxene - plagioclase feldspar
31
Granite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - felsic - phaneritic (coarse-grained) Can be made of: - quartz - feldspar (either) - muscovite - biotite
32
Granodiorite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - phaneritic (coarse-grained) - intermediate Can be made of: - amphibole - biotite - plagioclase feldspar - quartz
33
Diorite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - phaneritic (coarse-grained) - intermediate Can be made of: - amphibole - biotite (?) - plagioclase feldspar - quartz (?) - pryroxene
34
Gabbro (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - phaneritic (coarse-grained) - mafic Can be made of: - plagioclase feldspar - pyroxene - olivine (?)
35
Peridotite (Igneous rock)
- rock (Igneous) - phaneritic (coarse-grained) - ultramafic Can be made of: - olivine - pyroxene - plagioclase feldspar
36
What does pyroclastic mean?
ashy texture; extrusive igneous
37
What does vesicular mean?
bubbly texture; extrusive igneous
38
What is a clastic sedimentary rock?
formed from fragments of preexisting rocks (often rounded & sorted) - smoother texture than (bio)chemical
39
What does conglomeratic mean?
a sedimentary clastic rock with grains >2mm
40
Conglomerate (sedimentary rock)
- grain is gravel-sized (and rounded) - igneous rock
41
Breccia (sedimentary rock)
- grain is gravel-sized (and angular) - igneous rock - clastic
42
Quartz sandstone (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock - clastic - grains are sand-sized (well rounded and well sorted) - composed of quartz
43
Arkose (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock - clastic - grains are sand-sized (angular but poorly sorted) - composed of quartz and feldspar
44
Siltstone (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock - clastic - grains are too small to be able to identify the composition
44
Greywacke (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock - clastic - grain is sand-sized (well rounded but poorly sorted) - composed of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, and clay
45
Clay/mudstone (shale) (sedimentary rock)
- sedimentary rock - clastic - grains are too small to be able to identify the composition - grayish color
46
Limestone (sedimentary rock)
- igneous rock - (bio)chemical - calcite - texture is variable, but it's clastic to crystalline
47
Slate (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: too small to be able to see - dull luster - very flat surfaces - denser than shale - foliated
48
Phyllite (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: very small mica/amphibole - crystal alignment is wavy/subparallel - silky sheen - foliated
49
Schist (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: mica (main), possibly also quartz - wavy alignment of individual crystals - thinly foliated - foliated
50
Gneiss (nice) (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: felspar (main), possibly quartz - layers of fasic and mafic minerals - coarsely foliated - blocky fracture - foliated
51
Quartzite (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: quartz - interlocking crystals - sugary appearance - massive characteristic properties - feels smoother than sandstone - non-foliated
52
Marble (metamorphic rock)
- dominant mineral: calcite - interlocking crystals - softer than glass - non-foliated - massive characteristic properties
53
Folited vs. non-foliated
metamorphic minerals are commonly aligned (foliated, result of pressure) vs. not
54
How are regional metamorphic rocks formed?
high temperature and pressure, under mountain ranges - foliated
55
How are contact metamorphic rocks formed?
when hot magma is injected into cooler rocks - no-foliated