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Microbiology > Lab Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Lab Quiz 2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Morphological characteristics

A

shape, size, and arrangement of cells; only visible under a microscope

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2
Q

Cultural characteristics

A

color & colonies (size, etc.); seen with the naked eye

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3
Q

physiological characteristics

A

metabolic reactions with enzymes

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4
Q

What are the physical growth requirements of bacteria?

A

optimum temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure

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5
Q

What are the chemical growth requirements of bacteria?

A

water, carbon, ATP, nitrogen, minerals and growth factors

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6
Q

Give examples of aspectic techniques

A

flaming innoculating loops, handwashing, wiping tables, and the autoclav

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7
Q

Media

A

“food” for culture to grow

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8
Q

Chemically defined media

A

Normal media; chemical composition is known

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9
Q

Complex media

A

Normal media; chemical compostion is unknown (used in our lab)

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10
Q

Enrichment media

A

Contains additives/growth facotrs to enhance growth
ex. sheep blood is TSA

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11
Q

Selective media

A

Contains additives for enhancement of some organisms and inhibitors for other organims
ex. antibiotics in TSA

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12
Q

Differential media

A

Contain pH indicators; change colors to distinguish organisms by metabolic processes

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13
Q

Hemolysis

A

When red blood cells break open; zone of clearing for lysing
-must use blood agar plates

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14
Q

What is a pure culture?

A

containing only one species of bacteria
-acheived using isolation techniques

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15
Q

Name 2 examples of isolation techniques

A

T-streak and Pour plate

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16
Q

What is a pour plate?

A

diluting known volumes of culture into tubes then plating
-more accurate and quantitative than T-streak

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17
Q

Minimum temperature

A

the lowest temp for growth

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18
Q

Maximum temperature

A

the highest temp for growth

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19
Q

Optimum temperature

A

when organisms repoduce most rapidly

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20
Q

What happens when a cell is above its maximum temperature?

A

the proteins of the cell are denatured causing irreverisible cell death

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21
Q

What happens when a cell is below its minimmum temperature?

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A

There is not enough thermal energy; the cell will survive, but it will not work or grow properly until temp rises

22
Q

What is the optimum growth range for psychrophiles

23
Q

What is the optimum growth range for mesophiles

24
Q

What is the optimum growth range for thermophiles

25
What is the optimum growth range for hyperthermophiles
above 80C
26
What category do humans fall under for temperature?
mesophilic
27
What is the range for a acidophile?
pH of 5.5 or below
28
What is the range for a nuetrophile?
pH of 5.5-8
29
What is the range for a alkaliphile?
pH greater than 8
30
What happens when pH is too acidic or too basic?
Proteins are denatured and it causes irreversible cell death
31
Osmosis
When water moves from a low concentration to high concentration
32
Hypotonic
Cell is place in low solute concentraiton; H2O moves into the cell -in bacteria, cell wall protects the cell from bursting
33
Isotonic
concentation of solute is equal on both sides of the membrane; H2O enter and leaves the cell at the same rate
34
Hypertonic
Cell is placed in high solute concentration; H2O moves out of cell -in bacteria, cell wall keeps the cell from collapsing, but the cell will die b/c there is lack of H2O
35
Halophile
able to grow in greater than 3% NaCl
36
Extreme halophile
requires at least 13% NaCl
37
Facultative halophile
tolerates a wide range of NaCl ex. Staph Epi.
38
obligate
restriced to a narrow range
39
osmophile
requires high concentraions of organic solutes, such as sugar
40
Most bacteria live when NaCl concentration are _________
less than 3%
41
U.V. light is _________________
a type of (non-ionizing) radiation
42
Ionizing radiation
have wavelengths less than 1 nanometer
43
Non-ionizing radiation
wavelengths greater than 1 nanometer; less energy than ionizing radiation
44
What does U.V light attack
The DNA of a cell
45
How does U.V. light affect the cell
Creating thymine dimers that cause a mutation that leads to cell death
46
Thymine diners
create a bulge in the DNA helix which affects replication and transcription -change the covalent bonds from T-A to T-T
47
Can cells repair thymine dimers?
Yes, but if there is too much exposure and are too many mutations the cell will die
48
Can U.V penetrate everything?
No, it does not penetrate surfaces -can disinfect, air, top of surfaces, H2O, etc.
49
What is cancer?
mutations in cell divison genes-thymine dimers
50
What is the most effective wavelength for thymine dimers?
265 nanometers

Microbiology (4 decks)

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