lab quiz 2 Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
simple epithelium
A
consists of a single layer of cells
*touch membrane, not environment
2
Q
stratified epithelium
A
has several layers
*touch environment
3
Q
squamous epithelium
A
contains flattened, irregularly shaped cells
4
Q
cuboidal epithelium
A
contains cube-shaped cells in which the height and width are apt equal
5
Q
columnar epithelium
A
contains elongated cells (column shaped) in which the height is much greater than the width
6
Q
simple squamous epithelium
A
- inner lining of blood vessels (endothelium)
- lining of body cavities (mesothelium)
7
Q
simple cuboidal epithelium
A
- renal tubules (kidney)
- secretory portion of glands
- liver cells
8
Q
simple columnar epithelium
A
inner lining of much of the digestive tract (stomach, small, and large intestines)
9
Q
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
A
inner lining of trachea and large airways in lung
10
Q
stratified cuboidal epithelium
A
ducts of sweat, mammary, and salivary glands
11
Q
stratified squamous epithelium
A
- epidermis of skin
- inner lining of esophagus
- inner lining of vaginal canal
12
Q
stratified columnar epithelium
A
- small portion of male urethra
- some large ducts of glands
13
Q
transitional epithelium
A
inner lining of urinary tract (urinary bladder, ureter, and part of urethra)
14
Q
goblet cells
A
oval shaped
- on simple columnar epithelium
15
Q
simple squamous shape
A
circular in line
16
Q
simple cuboidal shape
A
square shaped in line
17
Q
simple columnar shape
A
square/curvey shape
18
Q
pseudostratified columnar shape
A
- not quite stratified
- some touch base, some touch environment
- square survey shape mushed together
19
Q
transitional shape
A
stacked circular and square shapes
20
Q
stratified squamous shape
A
stacked circular shape
21
Q
stratified cuboidal shape
A
stacked square shape
22
Q
stratified columnar shape
A
stacked rectangular curved shape
23
Q
areolar connective tissue
A
gel-like ground substance with collagen and elastic fibers; cell types include fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and white blood cells
*located between skin and underlying muscles; between muscles; directly beneath most epithelial layers; between adjacent organs
24
Q
dense regular connective tissue
A
fibroblasts arranged in parallel rows between densely packed bundles of collagen fibers
- located in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses
- go in 1 direction
25
dense irregular connective tissue
irregularly arranged collagen and elastic fibers with intervening fibroblasts
* located dermis of skin; capsules around organs; coverings around brain, spinal cord, and nerves
* go in multiple directions
26
adipose connective tissue
specialized cells for fat storage
| *located in deep skin layers; walls of organs; spaces around joints; bone cavities
27
blood
blood cells in a fluid matrix (blood plasma)
| *located within blood vessels
28
bone
osteocytes within lacunae; lacunae separated by a solid matrix containing collagen fibers and calcium salts
*located in bones of skeleton
29
cartilage
chondrocytes within cavities called lacunae; lacunae separated by a solid matrix w varying amnts of collagen and elastic fibers; three types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage
*located in ends of long bones; costal cartilages of ribs; cartilages of nose, trachea, larynx, epiglottis, and ear; intervertebral discs; discs in joint cavities
30
reticular connective tissue
gel-like ground substance; has network of reticular fibers with intervening reticular cells
*located in walls of lymphatic organs
31
hyaline cartilage
trachea distinguished by a series of C-shaped cartilage rings in its wall
- found in C-rings and costal cartilage
32
lacunae
clear spaces in cartilage
33
chondrocyte
cartilage cell
34
elastic cartilage
matrix contains a greater amount of elastic fibers
- located in areas where elasticity is important, such as the epiglottis and auricle of the external ear (Auricle of the ear)
35
fibrocartilage
more ordered appearance
- good shock absorber
- located in areas where protection from heavy pressure is needed, such as the intervertebral discs between the vertebrae and the menisci on the knee joint
36
bone lamella
ring of bone matrix around central canal
37
osteon
allows the passage of numerous blood vessels and nerves throughout the compact bone
38
interstitial lamella
lamella between adjacent osteons
39
osteocytes
mature bone cells; located within the lacunae
40
leukocytes
white blood cells
41
erythrocytes
red blood cells
42
what are the 3 parts of the cutaneous membrane
1) epidermis
2) dermis
3) hypodermis
43
the _ is the largest organ of the body
skin
44
2 tissue regions of skin
outer is epidermis
| inner is dermis
45
thick skin
covers palms of hand and soles of feet
| - no hair
46
in thick skin, epidermis contains 5 cell layers such as..
- stratum corneum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum spinosum
- stratum germinativum (stratum basale)
47
thin skin
covers other parts of body
- stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum are absent
- hair
48
what are the 2 layers of the dermis?
- papillary layer
| - reticular layer
49
papillary layer
composed largely of areolar connective tissue, directly borders the epidermis
* nipple-like
- along border, dermal papillae project epidermal ridges
50
reticular layer
composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains accessory structures of skin
51
hypodermis
composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue
- contains blood vessels and nerves that supply the skin
- connects skin to underlying muscles
- not considered to be a part of integumentary system but its fibers are continuous with those in the dermis
- sometimes referred as superficial fascia or subcutaneous tissue
52
hair follicle
tubular compartments, each one containing a hair
53
hair bulb
the deepest portion of a hair follicle
54
hair matrix
a region of actively dividing cells that give rise to the hair root
55
as the hair root approaches the surface of the skin, it becomes the __
hair shaft
56
hard keratin vs soft keratin
hard covers the hair stronger and longer lasting than soft
57
arrector pili muscle
- attached to connective tissue sheaths of hair follicles
- pass obliquely toward the papillary layer of the dermis
- when in cold temps, these contract, we see goose bumps
58
sebaceous (oil) gland
found in all regions of the body except the palms of the hands and the sole of the feet
59
sudoriferous (sweat) gland
- attached to outer surface
- 2 types:
- merocrine/eccrine
- apocrine
60
merocrine/eccrine sweat glands
function thru life and are important for regulating body temp
- sweat released thru tiny pores directly onto the surface of the skin
- body cools w excess heat when water in sweat evaporates
- has no odor
- found everywhere on the body
61
apocrine sweat glands
locations restricted to regions around nipples, axilla, and anogenital regions of the body
- are not functional until puberty
- activity increases in periods of stress, pain, or sexual arousal
- secretions released in hair follicles have a distinct odor
- is at the pubic areas
- distinct human function unknown
- sexual scent glands of other animals
62
Meissner's corpuscles (tactile)
nerves endings wrapped in a connective tissue sheath
- sensitive to fine or light touch
- abundant in various hairless regions of the skin (lips, nipples, fingertips, palms and soles, external genitalia)
63
pacinian corpuscles (lamellated)
nerve endings enclosed in a relatively large, onion-shaped connective tissue sheath
- respond to deep pressure sensations
64
nail plate
the visible portion of the nail
- consists of dead cells filled w hard keratin
- rests on a region of the epidermis known on the nail bed
65
nail bed
what the nail plate rests on
66
free edge
part you clip
| - extents over the hyponychium
67
hyponychium
region of skin with a thickened keratinized layer
68
lunula
white crescent-shaped region at the base of the nail plate
69
cuticle (eponychium)
fold of the skin's keratinized layer at the base of the nail plate
70
lateral nail folds
folds of the skin along left and right margins of the nail plate
71
nail matrix
the most proximal part of the nail plate
- region of actively dividing cells
- as nail cells are produced and pushed distally, they become keratinized and form the nail plate
72
nail root
positioned deep to the eponychium and anchors the nail plate to underlying nail bed
73
phalanx
bone of fingertip
74
proximal nail fold
fold of skin just above the eponychium
75
cutaneous plexus
arteries and veins (red and blue)
76
nerve fibers
little dots at end of thin lines
77
epithelial tissue (epithelium)
covers all body surfaces, inside and out.
- covers outside surface of organs and forms inner lining of hollow organs
- lines all body cavities and outside surface of the body
- primary tissue of glands
78
functions o epithelial tissue
- protection
- secretion
- absorption
- sensory reception
- filtration
79
connective tissue
connect structures and provide support and protection for vital organs
- fill spaces between structures, store fat, defend body from infections, and repair tissue damage
